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LANCOM L-320agn Wireless
LANCOM L-321agn Wireless
LANCOM L-322agn dual Wireless
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LANCOM L-321agn dual Wireless
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110xxx_LC-L32x-MANUAL_cover.indd1 1110xxx_LC-L32x-MANUAL_cover.indd1 1 16.03.2010 05:53:4016.03.2010 05:53:40
LANCOM L-320agn Wireless
LANCOM L-321agn Wireless
LANCOM L-322agn dual Wireless
© 2011 LANCOM Systems GmbH, Wuerselen (Germany). All rights reserved.
While the information in this manual has been compiled with great care, it may not be deemed an assurance of product
characteristics. LANCOM Systems shall be liable only to the degree specified in the terms of sale and delivery.
The reproduction and distribution of the documentation and software supplied with this product and the use of its contents
is subject to written authorization from LANCOM Systems. We reserve the right to make any alterations that arise as the
result of technical development.
Windows®, Windows Vista™, Windows NT® and Microsoft® are registered trademarks of Microsoft, Corp.
The LANCOM Systems logo, LCOS and the name LANCOM are registered trademarks of LANCOM Systems GmbH. All other
names or descriptions used may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners.
Subject to change without notice. No liability for technical errors or omissions.
Products from LANCOM Systems include software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http:/
/www.openssl.org/).
Products from LANCOM Systems include cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).
Products from LANCOM Systems include software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
Products from LANCOM Systems contain the LZMA SDK developed by Igor Pavlov.
LANCOM Systems GmbH
Adenauerstr. 20/B2
52146 Wuerselen
Germany
www.lancom.eu
Wuerselen, Juli 2011
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Preface
3
EN
Preface
Thank you for your confidence in us!
LANCOM L-320agn Wireless, LANCOM L-321agn Wireless and LANCOM
L-322agn dual Wireless are professional access points that provide a maxi-
mum wireless LAN performance of up to 300 Mbps thanks to the support of
the IEEE 802.11n standard. The access points operate either in the 2.4 GHz or
in the 5 GHz frequency band. LANCOM L-322agn dual Wireless works with
two integrated radio modules (two IEEE 802.11agn), both of which can oper-
ate simultaneously in the 2.4- and/or 5 GHz frequency range. The 5 GHz band
is not used as much and, offering a larger number of channels, it provides bet-
ter opportunities to establish non-overlapping wireless cells. The L-32x Access
Point series models can operate in stand-alone mode, in managed mode or in
client mode. The access point can be used in managed mode with a LANCOM
WLAN Controller without any additional software upgrades.
The 802.11n standard includes many new mechanisms—such as the use of
MIMO, 40-MHz channels, packet aggregation and block acknowledge-
ment—in order to increase the bandwidth available for user applications sig-
nificantly. This allows a more than fivefold increase in speed over 802.11a/g
networks with physical data rates of up to 300 Mbps.
MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology allows the L-32x Access
Point to transfer several data streams in parallel and thus significantly improve
data throughput. MIMO uses several transmit/receive units for both the trans-
mitter and the receiver. The separate data streams are identified by unique
characteristics that result from the different paths that the data take. By pro-
cessing multiple data streams MIMO achieves not just higher data throughput
but also better coverage (fewer "radio black spots") and better stability. These
are the most important arguments for 802.11n for commercial customers in
particular.
Model variants
This documentation is intended for L-32x Access Point users. The following
models are available:
The LANCOM L-320agn Wireless with two integrated antennas.
The LANCOM L-321agn Wireless with two external antennas.
The LANCOM L-322agn dual Wireless with two WLAN modules and four
external antennas.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Preface
4
EN
Model
restrictions
Passages applying only to certain models are identified either in the text itself
or by a comment in the margin.
Otherwise the documentation refers to all models collectively as the L-32x
Access Point series.
Security settings
To maximize the security available from your product, we recommend that you
undertake all of the security settings (e.g. firewall, encryption, access protec-
tion) that were not already activated when you purchased the product. The
LANconfig Wizard 'Security Settings' will help you with this task. Further infor-
mation is also available in the chapter 'Security settings'.
We would additionally like to ask you to refer to our Internet site
www.lancom.eu for the latest information about your product and technical
developments, and also to download our latest software versions.
Components of the documentation
The documentation of your device consists of the following parts:
Installation Guide
User manual
Menu Reference Guide
You are now reading the user manual. It contains all information you need to
put your device into operation. It also contains all of the important technical
specifications.
The Reference Manual is to be found as an Acrobat document (PDF file) at
www.lancom.eu/download or on the CD supplied. It is designed as a supple-
ment to the user manual and goes into detail on topics that apply to a variety
of models. These include, for example:
The system design of the operating system LCOS
Configuration
Management
Diagnosis
Security
Routing and WAN functions
Firewall
Quality of Service (QoS)
Virtual Local Networks (VLAN)
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Preface
5
EN
Wireless networks (WLAN)
Backup solutions
Further server services (DHCP, DNS, charge management)
The Menu Reference Guide (also available at www.lancom.eu/download or on
the CD supplied) describes all of the parameters in LCOS, the operating system
used by LANCOM products. This guide is an aid to users during the configu-
ration of devices by means of WEBconfig or the telnet console.
This documentation was created by …
... several members of our staff from a variety of departments in order to
ensure you the best possible support when using your LANCOM product.
Should you find any errors, or if you would like to suggest improvements, ple-
ase do not hesitate to send an e-mail directly to:
info@lancom.eu
Our online services www.lancom.eu are available to you around the
clock if you have any questions on the content in this manual, or if you
require any further support. The area 'Support' will help you with
many answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs). Furthermore, the
knowledgebase offers you a large reserve of information. The latest
drivers, firmware, utilities and documentation are constantly available
for download.
In addition, LANCOM Support is available. For telephone numbers
and contact addresses for LANCOM Support, please refer to the enc-
losed leaflet or the LANCOM Systems Web site.
Information symbols
Very important instructions. Failure to observe these may result in damage.
Important instruction that should be observed.
Additional information that may be helpful but is not essential.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Contents
6
EN
Contents
1 Introduction 9
1.1 What is a wireless LAN? 9
1.1.1 Modes of operation of wireless LANs and access points
10
1.2 Wireless LANs in accordance with 802.11n 10
1.2.1 Advantages of 802.11n 10
1.2.2 Compatibility with other standards 11
1.2.3 The physical layer 11
1.2.4 The MAC layer 18
1.3 What can your LANCOM do? 19
2 Installation 23
2.1 Package contents 23
2.2 System requirements 23
2.2.1 Configuring the LANCOM devices 23
2.2.2 Operating access points in managed mode 24
2.3 Status displays and interfaces 24
2.4 Front side 24
2.5 Device connectors 27
2.6 Hardware installation 30
2.7 Software installation 32
2.7.1 Starting the software setup 33
2.7.2 Which software should I install? 34
3 Basic configuration 35
3.1 Details you will need 35
3.1.1 TCP/IP settings 36
3.1.2 Configuration protection 37
3.1.3 Settings for the wireless LAN 38
3.2 Instructions for LANconfig 38
3.3 Instructions for WEBconfig 39
3.4 TCP/IP settings for PC workstations 43
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Contents
7
EN
4 Security settings 45
4.1 Security in the wireless LAN 45
4.1.1 Encrypted data transfer 45
4.1.2 802.1x / EAP 46
4.1.3 LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security 46
4.1.4 Access control by MAC address 47
4.1.5 IPSec over WLAN 47
4.2 Tips for the proper treatment of keys and passphrases 48
4.3 Security settings Wizard 48
4.3.1 LANconfig Wizard 49
4.3.2 WEBconfig Wizard 50
4.4 The security checklist 50
5 Advanced wireless LAN configuration 55
5.1 WLAN configuration with the wizards in LANconfig 55
5.2 Special wireless LAN parameters for 802.11n 57
5.2.1 Compatibility 57
5.2.2 Performance settings for the wireless LAN module 57
5.2.3 Performance settings for wireless LAN networks 58
5.2.4 Configuring 802.11n parameters 60
5.3 Point-to-point connections 61
5.3.1 Geometric dimensioning of outdoor wireless network
links 62
5.3.2 Antenna alignment for P2P operations 66
5.3.3 Measuring wireless bridges 68
5.3.4 Activating the point-to-point operation mode 68
5.3.5 Configuration of P2P connections 69
5.3.6 Access points in relay mode 72
5.3.7 Security for point-to-point connections 72
5.4 Client mode 74
5.4.1 Client settings 75
5.4.2 Set the SSID of the available networks 76
5.4.3 Encryption settings 76
5.4.4 Roaming 77
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Contents
8
EN
6 Setting up Internet access 79
6.1 The Internet Connection Wizard 80
6.1.1 Instructions for LANconfig 80
6.1.2 Instructions for WEBconfig 81
7 Options and accessories 82
7.1 Optional AirLancer Extender antennas 83
7.1.1 Antenna diversity 83
7.1.2 Polarization diversity 84
7.1.3 MIMO 84
7.1.4 Installing the AirLancer Extender antennas 84
7.2 LANCOM Public Spot Option 86
8 Advice & assistance 88
8.1 No WAN connection can be established 88
8.2 Slow DSL transmission 88
8.3 Unwanted connections under Windows XP 89
9 Appendix 90
9.1 Performance and characteristics 90
9.2 Connector wiring 92
9.2.1 Ethernet interface 10/100Base-TX 92
9.2.2 Ethernet interface 10/100/1000Base-TX, DSL interface92
9.2.3 Configuration interface (outband) 93
9.3 CE-declarations of conformity 93
10 Index 94
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
9
EN
1Introduction
1.1 What is a wireless LAN?
The following sections describe the functionality of wireless networks
in general. You can see from the table 'What your LANCOM can do'
further below which functions your device supports. Please refer to
the reference manual for further information on this topic.
A wireless LAN connects individual end-user devices (PCs and mobile compu-
ters) to form a local network (also called – Local Area Network). In contrast
to a traditional LAN, communication takes place over a wireless connection
and not over network cables. For this reason it is called a Wireless Local Area
Network (WLAN).
A wireless LAN provides the same functionality as a cable-based network:
Access to files, servers, printers etc. as well as the integration of individual
work stations into a corporate mail system or access to the Internet.
There are obvious advantages to wireless LANs: Notebooks and PCs can be
installed where they are needed—problems with missing connections or
structural changes are a thing of the past with wireless networks.
Apart from that, wireless LANs can also be used for connections over longer
distances. Expensive leased lines and the associated construction measures
can be saved.
LANCOM Wireless Routers and LANCOM Access Points can be opera-
ted either as self-sufficient Access Points with their own configuration
(WLAN modules in "Access Point mode“) or as components in a WLAN
infrastructure, which is controlled from a central WLAN-Controller
("managed mode").
Split management can be used to separate the WLAN configuration
from the rest of the router configuration. This allows router settings
and VPN settings to be adjusted locally, for example in a branch office
or home office installation, and the WLAN configuration is regulated
by a LANCOM WLAN Controller at the main office.
Please observe the corresponding notices to this in this documenta-
tion or in the LCOS reference manual.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
10
EN
1.1.1 Modes of operation of wireless LANs and access points
Wireless LAN technology and access points in wireless LANs are used in the
following modes of operation:
Simple, direct connection between terminal devices with an access point
(ad-hoc mode)
Extensive wireless LANs, possibly connected to a LAN, with one or more
access points (infrastructure network)
Establishing access to the Internet
Connecting two LANs over a wireless link (point-to-point mode)
Connecting devices with an Ethernet interface via an access point (client
mode)
Extending an existing Ethernet network with a wireless LAN (bridge mode)
WDS (Wireless Distribution Systems)
Central administration using a LANCOM WLAN Controller
1.2 Wireless LANs in accordance with 802.11n
The new wireless LAN standard IEEE 802.11n—ratified as „WLAN Enhance-
ments for Higher Throughput“ in september 2009—features a number of
technical developments that promise up to six-times the performance in wire-
less LANs.
Some of the improvements refer to the physical layer (PHY), which describes
the transmission of individual bits over the physical medium—in this case the
air represents the physical medium. Other additions are concerned with the
MAC (medium access control) that among other things governs access to the
transmission medium. The two areas are treated separately below.
You can find additional information on this subject in the LCOS refe-
rence manual or in the technical papers relating to this topic.
1.2.1 Advantages of 802.11n
The new technology includes the following advantages:
Higher effective data throughput
The 802.11n standard includes a number of new mechanisms to signifi-
cantly increase available bandwidth. Current wireless LAN standards
based on 802.11a/g enable physical data rates (gross data rates) of up to
54 Mbps, which turn out to be approx. 22 Mbps net. Networks based on
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
11
EN
802.11n currently achieve a gross data throughput of up to 300 Mbps
(in reality approx. 120 to 130 Mbps net) – theoretically the standard defi-
nes up to 600 Mbps with four data streams. For the first time, maximum
speeds exceed the 100 Mbps of cable-based Fast Ethernet networks,
which are currently standard in most workplaces.
Improved and more reliable wireless coverage
The new 802.11n technologies do not just increase date throughput but
bring about improvements in the range and reduce the wireless dead
spots in existing a/b/g installations.
This results in better signal coverage and improved stability for signifi-
cantly better utilization of wireless networks, in particular for users in pro-
fessional environments.
Greater range
Data throughput generally decreases when the distance between receiver
and transmitter increases. The overall improved data throughput allows
wireless LANs based on 802.11n to achieve greater ranges, as a signifi-
cantly stronger wireless signal is received by the Access Point over a given
distance than in 802.11a/b/g networks.
1.2.2 Compatibility with other standards
The 802.11n standard is backwardly compatible to previous standards
(IEEE 802.11a/b/g). However, some of the advantages of the new technology
are only available when, in addition to the access points, the wireless LAN cli-
ents are also compatible with 802.11n.
In order to allow the co-existence of wireless LAN clients based on
802.11a/b/g (called "legacy clients") 802.11n access points offer special
mechanisms for mixed operation, where performance increases over
802.11a/b/g are not as high. Only in all-802.11n environments is the "green-
field mode" used, which can exploit all the advantages of the new technology.
In greenfield mode both access points and wireless LAN clients support the
802.11n standard, and access points reject connections with legacy clients.
1.2.3 The physical layer
The physical layers describes how data must be transformed in order for them
to be transmitted as individual bits over the physical medium. In this process
the following steps are performed in a wireless LAN device:
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
12
EN
Modulation of digital data into analog carrier signals
Modulation of the carrier signal into a radio signal in the selected fre-
quency band, which for a wireless LAN is either 2.4 or 5 GHz.
The second modulation step in IEEE 802.11n occurs in the same way as in
conventional wireless LAN standards and is therefore not covered here.
However, there are a number of changes in the way digital data are modula-
ted into analog signals in 802.11n.
Improved OFDM modulation (MIMO-OFDM)
Like 802.11a/g, 802.11n uses the OFDM scheme (Orthogonal Frequency Divi-
sion Multiplex) as its method of modulation. This modulates the data signal
not on just one carrier signal but in parallel over several. The data throughput
that can be achieved with OFDM modulation depends on the following para-
meters, among other things:
Number of carrier signals: Whereas 802.11a/g uses 48 carrier signals,
802.11n can use a maximum of 52.
Payload data rate: Airborne data transmission is fundamentally unreli-
able. Even small glitches in the WLAN system can result in errors in data
transmission. Check sums are used to compensate for these errors, but
these take up a part of the available bandwidth. The payload data rate
indicates the ratio between theoretically available bandwidth and actual
payload. 802.11a/g can operate at payload rates of 1/2 or 3/4 while
802.11n can use up to 5/6 of the theoretically available bandwidth for
payload data.
20 MHz 20 MHz
IEEE 802.11a/b/g:
48 carrier signals
IEEE 802.11n:
52 carrier signals
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
13
EN
These two features increase the maximum useable bandwidth of 54 Mbps for
802.11a/g to 65 Mbps for 802.11n. This increase is not exactly spectacular,
but it can be further improved by using the following features:
MIMO technology
MIMO (multiple input multiple output) is the most important new technology
contained in 802.11n. MIMO uses several transmitters and several receivers
to transmit up to four parallel data streams on the same transmission channel
(currently only two parallel data streams have been implemented). The result
is an increase in data throughput and improved wireless coverage.
For example, the Access Point splits the data into two groups which are then
sent simultaneously via separate antennas to the WLAN client. Data through-
put can therefore be doubled using two transmitting and receiving antennas.
But how can several signals be transmitted on a single channel simultane-
ously? This was considered impossible with previous WLAN applications.
Let us consider how data is transmitted in "normal" wireless LAN networks:
Depending on antenna type, an Access Point's antenna broadcasts data in
several directions simultaneously. These electromagnetic waves are reflected
Gross bandwidth
Payload rate for 802.11a/b/g: 1/2
Checksum Payload data
Payload rate for 802.11a/b/g: 3/4
Maximum payload rate for 802.11n: 5/6
MIMO AP 802.11n MIMO Client 802.11n
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
14
EN
by the surrounding surfaces causing a broadcast signal to reach the WLAN cli-
ent's antenna over many different paths; this is also referred to as "multipath
propagation". Each of these paths has a different length meaning that indivi-
dual signals reach the client with a different time delay.
These time-delayed signals interfere with each other at the WLAN client and
significantly weaken the original signal. For this reason, conventional WLAN
networks should always have a direct line of sight (LOS) between transmitter
and receiver in order to reduce the influence of reflections.
MIMO technology transforms this weakness in WLAN transmission into a
strength that allows an enormous increase in data throughput. As mentioned
above, it is virtually impossible to transmit different signals on the same chan-
nel simultaneously as the receiver cannot distinguish between them. MIMO
uses the reflection of electromagnetic waves and the associated spatial aspect
to obtain a third criterion for identifying the signals.
A signal sent by transmitter A and received by receiver 1 follows a different
path than a signal from transmitter B to receiver 2. Due to the different reflec-
tions and changes in polarization that both signals experience along their
paths, each of these paths takes on its own characteristics. When data trans-
mission starts, a training phases records the characteristics of the path by
transmitting standardized data. Subsequently, the data received here is used
to calculate which data stream the signals belong to. The receiver decides for
itself which of the incoming signals is to be processed, thus avoiding loss from
interference.
Access Point WLAN-Client
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
15
EN
MIMO thus allows the simultaneous transmission of several signals over one
shared medium, such as the air. Individual transmitters and receivers must be
positioned a minimum distance apart from one another, although this is just
a few centimeters. This separation results in differing reflections and signal
paths that can be used to separate the signals.
Generally speaking, MIMO can provide up to four parallel data streams, which
are also called "spatial streams". However, the current generation of chips can
only implement two parallel data streams as the separation of data streams
based on characteristic path information demands high levels of computing
power, which consumes both time and electricity. The latter tends to be unde-
sirable particularly for WLAN systems, where attempts are often made to
achieve independence from power sockets at the WLAN client or when using
PoE as the electricity supply for the Access Point.
Even if the aim of four spatial streams has not yet been achieved, the use of
two separate data connections results in a doubling of data throughput,
which represents a true technological leap in the area of WLAN systems. Com-
bined with the improvements in OFDM modulation, the data throughput that
can be attained increases to 130 Mbps.
The short description "transmitter x receiver" expresses the actual number of
transmitting and receiving antennas. 2x2 MIMO describes two transmitting
and two receiving antennas.
MIMO in outdoor use
Outdoor 802.11n applications cannot use natural reflections since signal
transmission usually takes place over the direct path between directional
MIMO AP 802.11n MIMO Client 802.11n
A
B
1
2
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
16
EN
antennas. In order to transmit two data streams in parallel, special antennas
are employed that use polarization channels turned through 90° to each
other. These so-called "dual-slant" antennas are really two antennas in one
housing. Since a third signal does not offer additional reliability, outdoor
applications generally use as many antennas (or polarization channels) as
there are data streams for transmission.
40 MHz channels
As the above explanation of OFDM modulation states, data throughput rises
with an increasing number of carrier signals because this allows several sig-
nals to be transmitted simultaneously. If a channel with a bandwidth of
20 MHz supports no more than 48 (802.11a/g) or 52 (802.11n) carrier signals,
the obvious choice would be to use a second channel with additional carrier
signals.
This method was used in the past by a number of manufacturers (including
LANCOM Systems) and was referred to as "turbo mode", allowing data rates
of up to 108 Mbps. Turbo mode does not form part of the official IEEE stan-
dard but is frequently employed on point-to-point connections, for example,
because compatibility to other manufacturers tends to play a secondary role.
However, the success of the underlying technology has lead to its incorpora-
tion into 802.11n. IEEE 802.11n uses the second transmission channel in a
way that maintains compatibility to IEEE 802.11a/g devices. 802.11n trans-
mits data over two contiguous channels. One of these assumes the task of a
control channel that, among other things, handles the administration of data
transmission. Concentrating these basic tasks into the control channel means
that devices supporting a transmission at 20 MHz only can also be connected.
The second channel is an extension that only comes comes into effect if the
remote client also supports data transmission at 40 MHz. The use of the
MIMO AP 802.11n POLARIZATION
DIVERSITY
Building
MIMO AP 802.11n
POLARIZATION
DIVERSITY
Building
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
17
EN
second channel remains optional throughout, with transmitter and receiver
deciding dynamically whether one or two channels should be employed.
As the implementation of 40 MHz with separate control and extension chan-
nels is more efficient in the 802.11n standard than in the conventional turbo
mode, more than double the amount of carrier signals can be obtained (108
in total). The maximum data throughput when using improved OFDM modu-
lation and two parallel data streams thus rises to 270 Mbps.
Short guard interval
The final improvement of the 802.11n standard is the improvement in the
chronological sequence of data transmission. A signal that is to be transmit-
ted in a WLAN system is not broadcast at a distinct point in time but is "held
up" for a certain, constant transmission period. In order to prevent interfe-
rence at the receiving end, a short break is made following the transmission
period before the transmission of the next signal commences. The entire dura-
tion of transmission period and break are referred to in WLAN terminology as
"symbol length" and the break itself is known as the "guard interval".
IEEE 802.11a/g uses a symbol length of 4 μs: the information transmitted on
the carrier signal changes following transmission of 3.2 μs and a break of
0.8 μs. 802.11n reduces the break between transmissions to the so-called
"short guard interval" of only 0.4 μs.
20 MHz 20 MHz
Control channel Extension channel
3,2 μs 0,8 μs
0,4 μs
OFDM Symbol
3,2 μs
Payload data
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
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EN
Transmitting data in shorter intervals thus increases the maximum data
throughput when using improved OFDM modulation, two parallel data
streams and transmission at 40 MHz to 300 Mbps.
1.2.4 The MAC layer
Frame aggregation
The improvements in the physical layer brought about by the new 802.11n ini-
tially describe only the theoretical data throughput of the physical medium.
However, the share of this theoretical bandwidth that is actually available for
payload data is limited by two factors:
in addition to the actual payload data, each data packet in a wireless LAN
system contains additional information such as a preamble and MAC
address information.
Time is lost to the management events that occur when the transmission
medium is actually accessed. Thus the transmitter must negotiate access
authorization with the other receivers before transmitting each data
packet (frame); further delays are caused by data packet collisions and
other events.
This loss, referred to as "overhead", can be reduced by combining several data
packets together to form one large frame and transmitting them together. In
this process, information such as the preamble are only transmitted once for
all the combined data packets and delays due to negotiating access to the
transmission medium only occur at longer intervals.
The use of this method, known as frame aggregation, is subject to certain
restrictions:
As information such as MAC address only needs to be transmitted once
for the aggregated frame, only those data packets intended for the same
address can be combined.
All data packets that are to be combined into a single large frame must
be available at the sender at the time of aggregation—as a consequence
some data packets may have to wait until enough data packets for the
same destination are available with which they can be combined. This
aspect may represent a significant limitation for time-critical transmissi-
ons such as voice over IP.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
19
EN
Block acknowledgement
Each data packet directed to a specific address (i.e. not broadcast or multicast
packets) is acknowledged immediately after receipt. In this way, the transmit-
ter is informed that the packet was received correctly and does not need to be
repeated. This principle also applies to aggregated frames in 802.11n.
Two different methods are used for frame aggregation. These are not explai-
ned in detail here, but they differ in the way aggregated frames are acknow-
ledged.
Mac Service Data Units Aggregation (MSDUA) combines several Ethernet
packets together to form one common wireless LAN packet. This packet is
acknowledged only once and the acknowledgment is valid for all aggre-
gated packets. If there is no acknowledgement the whole block is resent.
Mac Protocol Data Units Aggregation (MPDUA) combines individual wire-
less LAN packets together to form one large common wireless LAN packet.
In this case, each wireless LAN packet is acknowledged and the acknow-
ledgements are combined and transmitted as a block. In contrast to
MSDUA, the sender receives information about the receipt status of every
single WLAN packet and can, if necessary, resend only those specific
packets that were not successful.
1.3 What can your LANCOM do?
The following table shows the properties and functions of your device.
LANCOM
L-320agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-321agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-322agn
dual Wireless
Applications
Expansion of the LAN through WLAN (infrastructure
mode)
✔✔✔
WLAN via point-to-point ✔✔✔
Relais mode with two WLAN modules ✔
Relais mode with one WLAN modules
(WDS mixed mode)
✔✔✔
Internet Access ✔✔✔
IP router with Stateful Inspection Firewall ✔✔✔
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
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EN
DHCP and DNS server (for LAN and WLAN) ✔✔✔
N:N mapping for routing networks with the same
IP-address ranges over VPN
✔✔✔
Policy-based routing ✔✔✔
Backup solutions and load balancing with VRRP ✔✔✔
PPPoE Server ✔✔✔
WAN RIP ✔✔✔
Spanning Tree protocol ✔✔✔
Layer 2 QoS tagging ✔✔✔
WLAN
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11g and IEEE
802.11b
✔✔✔
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11a and IEEE
802.11h
✔✔✔
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11b/g and IEEE
802.11a/h at the same time
✔
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11n (including 40
MHz channels, packet aggregation, block acknow-
ledgement, short guard interval)
✔✔✔
Internal antennas ✔
External antennas and connector for AirLancer
Extender-Antennen
24
Point-to-point mode (six P2P paths can be defined per
WLAN interface)
✔✔✔
Access point mode ✔✔✔
Client mode ✔✔✔
Managed mode for central configuration of WLAN
modules by a WLAN Controller
✔✔✔
Multi SSID ✔✔✔
Roaming function ✔✔✔
802.11i / WPA with hardware AES encryption ✔✔✔
LANCOM
L-320agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-321agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-322agn
dual Wireless
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
21
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WEP encryption (up to 128 Bit key length, WEP152) ✔✔✔
IEEE 802.1x/EAP ✔✔✔
MAC address filter (ACL) ✔✔✔
Individual passphrases per MAC address (LEPS) ✔✔✔
Closed network function ✔✔✔
Integrated RADIUS server ✔✔✔
VLAN ✔✔✔
Intra-Cell Blocking ✔✔✔
WLAN QoS (IEEE 802.11e, WME) ✔✔✔
LAN Connection
Gigabit ethernet connector 10/100/1000 Base-TX,
autosensing, auto node-hub, PoE by IEEE 802.3af
111
Fast Ethernet LAN port (10/100Base-TX), Autosensing,
Auto Node-Hub, PoE by IEEE 802.3af
1
Power over Ethernet (PoE) ✔✔2x
redundant
DHCP and DNS server ✔✔✔
WAN Connection
Connection for DSL or cable modem ✔✔✔
Connection for serial modem ✔✔✔
Internet access (IP router)
Stateful-Inspection Firewall ✔✔✔
Firewall filters (IP addresses, ports) ✔✔✔
IP masquerading (NAT, PAT) ✔✔✔
Quality of Service ✔✔✔
LANCOM
L-320agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-321agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-322agn
dual Wireless
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
22
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Configuration and firmware
Configuration with LANconfig or with web browser,
additionally terminal mode for Telnet or other terminal
programs, SNMP interface and TFTP server function.,
SSH connection.
✔✔✔
Setup wizards ✔✔✔
FirmSafe with firmware versions for absolutely secure
software upgrades
✔✔✔
Monitoring and management of the WLAN with Rogue
AP Detection
✔✔✔
Optional software extensions
LANCOM Public Spot Option ✔✔✔
LANCOM 2-Year Warranty Extension ✔✔✔
LANCOM Next Business Day Service Extension ✔✔✔
Optional hardware extensions
AirLancer Extender antennas for increased range ✔✔✔
LANCOM PoE Power Injector (100 MBit/s) ✔✔✔
LANCOM PoE Power Injector (1 GBit/s) ✔✔✔
LANCOM ES-1108P, 8 port switch with 4 PoE ports (100
MBit/s)
✔✔✔
LANCOM ES-2126, managed 24 port switch
(100 MBit/s)
✔✔✔
LANCOM ES-2126P, managed 24 port switch with
24 PoE-Ports (100 MBit/s)
✔✔✔
LANCOM Serial Adapter Kit for connection of analog or
GSM modems to the serial interface
✔✔✔
LANCOM
L-320agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-321agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-322agn
dual Wireless
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
23
EN
2 Installation
This chapter will assist you to quickly install hardware and software. First,
check the package contents and system requirements. The device can be
installed and configured quickly and easily if all prerequisites are fulfilled.
2.1 Package contents
Please check the package contents for completeness before starting the
installation. In addition to the LANCOM Wireless Router itself, the package
should contain the following accessories:
If anything is missing, please contact your retailer or the address stated on the
delivery slip of the unit.
2.2 System requirements
2.2.1 Configuring the LANCOM devices
Computers that connect to a LANCOM must meet the following minimum
requirements:
Operating system with TCP/IP support, such as Windows, Linux, BSD Unix,
Apple Mac OS, OS/2.
Access to the LAN via the TCP/IP protocol.
Wireless LAN adapter or LAN access (if the access point is to be connected
to the LAN).
The LANtools also require a Windows operating system. A web brow-
ser under any operating system provides access to WEBconfig.
LANCOM
L-320agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-320agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-322agn dual
Wireless
12V DC Power adapter ✔✔✔
Ethernet LAN connector cable (green plugs) ✔✔✔
LANCOM CD ✔✔✔
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
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2.2.2 Operating access points in managed mode
LANCOM Wireless Routers and LANCOM Access Points can be operated either
as self-sufficient Access Points with their own configuration ("Access Point
mode“) or as components in a WLAN infrastructure, which is controlled from
a central WLAN-Controller ("managed mode").
2.3 Status displays and interfaces
Meanings of the LEDs
In the following sections we will use different terms to describe the behaviour
of the LEDs:
Blinking means, that the LED is switched on or off at regular intervals in
the respective indicated colour.
Flashing means, that the LED lights up very briefly in the respective
colour and stay then clearly longer (approximately 10x longer) switched
off.
Inverse flashing means the opposite. The LED lights permanently in the
respective colour and is only briefly interrupted.
Flickering means, that the LED is switched on and off in irregular inter-
vals.
2.4 Front side
The L-32x Access Points have status displays on the front panel.
Example:
LANCOM L-320agn
Wireless
Top
The two top-mounted LEDs enable the main function status to be assessed
even if the device is positioned vertically.
L-320 agn Wireless
Power
WLAN Link
WLAN Data
ETH
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
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Power
This LED provides information on the device's operating state.
The power LED blinks alternately in red/green until a configuration
password has been set. Without a configuration password, the confi-
guration data in the LANCOM is unprotected. Normally you would set
a configuration password during the basic configuration (instructions
in the following chapter). Information about setting a configuration
password at a later time is available in the section 'The Security
Wizard'.
Power
WLAN-Link
Off Device switched off
Green blinking Self-test after power-up
Green On (perma-
nently)
Device operational
Red/green Blinking alterna-
tely
Device insecure: Configuration password not set
Orange/green In the housing
cover; blinking
alternately with
the online LED
At least one WLAN module is in managed mode and
has not found a WLAN Controller yet. The correspon-
ding WLAN module(s) is/are switched off until a WLAN
Controller is found to supply a configuration, or until
being switched manually into another operating mode.
Orange /red In the housing
cover; blinking
alternately with
the online LED
At least one WLAN module is in managed mode and
has found a WLAN Controller. However, the WLAN
Controller cannot assign a configuration because the
firmware and/or the device's loader version is not com-
patible with the WLAN Controller.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
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WLAN Link
(nur LANCOM
L-320agn
Wireless und
LANCOM
L-321agn
Wireless)
Provides information about the WLAN connections via the internal WLAN
module.
The following can be displayed for WLAN link:
WLAN Data Provides information about the data traffic at the internal WLAN module.
The power LED is blinking and no connection can be
made?
If the power LED blinks red and no WAN connections can be
established, there is no cause for concern. This merely means
that a pre-set charge or time limit has been reached.
There are three ways to remove the lock:
Reset the toll protection.
Increase the limit.
Deactivate the lock completely (set limit to '0').
LANmonitor shows you when a charge or time limit has been reached. To reset the toll protec-
tion, activate the context menu (right-mouse click) Reset charge and time limits. The charge
settings are defined in LANconfig under Management Costs (these settings are only avai-
lable if the 'Complete configuration display' is activated under Tools Options).
With WEBconfig, charge protection and all parameters are to be found under LCOS menu tree
Setup Charges Reset budgets.
Power
Power
Signal that a
charge or time
limit has been
reached
Off No WLAN network defined or WLAN module deactiva-
ted. The WLAN module is not transmitting beacons.
Green At least one WLAN network is defined and WLAN
module activated. The WLAN module is transmitting
beacons.
Green Inverse flashing Number of flashes = number of connected WLAN stati-
ons and P2P wireless connections, followed by a pause
(default).
Alternatively, the frequency of the flashed can indicate
the received signal strength of a P2P link or the received
signal strength from an access point, to which this
device is connected in client mode.
Green Blinking DFS scanning or other scan procedure.
Red Blinking Hardware error in the WLAN module
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
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The following can be displayed for WLAN data:
ETH LAN connector status:
2.5 Device connectors
The connections and switches of the router are located on the back panel:
Model example:
LANCOM L-320agn
Wireless
Connection for the included power adapter
Serial configuration port
Ethernet plug 10/100/1000Base-Tx for LAN connections
The used transfer speed will automatically be identified (autosensing).
The LAN connector of the LANCOM Access Point supports the
Power-over-Ethernet standard (PoE). You find further information about
operating with PoE in the info box ’Power-over-Ethernet – elegant power
supply through the LAN wiring’.
By activated DSLoL option, the LAN connector can also be used for con-
necting the LANCOM Access Point to a broadband modem.
Reset switch
Green Flickering TX data traffic.
Red Flickering Error in wireless LAN (TX error, e.g. transmission error
due to a poor connection)
Red Blinking Hardware error in the WLAN module
Off No networking device attached
Green On (perma-
nently)
Connection to network device operational, not data traffic
Green Flickering Data traffic
ETH 1 (10/100/1000)
Config (COM)
Reset
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
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LANCOM L-321agn Wireless additionally provides two connectores for exter-
nal antennas:
Model example:
LANCOM L-321agn
Wireless
Connector for the 2nd external antenna
Connector for the 1st external antenna
The LANCOM L-322agn dual Wireless provides the following connectors:
LANCOM L-322agn
dual Wireless
Connector for antenna 2 at the 2nd WLAN module.
Connection for the included power adapter
Connector for antenna 2 at the 1st WLAN module.
Serial configuration port
Second ethernet plug 10/100Base-Tx for LAN connections
The used transfer speed will automatically be identified (autosensing).
The LAN connector of the LANCOM Access Point supports the
Power-over-Ethernet standard (PoE). You find further information about
operating with PoE in the info box ’Power-over-Ethernet – elegant power
supply through the LAN wiring’.
By activated DSLoL option, the LAN connector can also be used for con-
necting the LANCOM Access Point to a broadband modem.
First ethernet plug 10/100/1000Base-Tx for LAN connections
Connector for antenna 1 at the 2nd WLAN module.
ETH 1 (10/100/1000)
Config (COM)
Ant 1
Reset
Main
Ant 2
ETH 1 (10/100/1000)
Config (COM)
WLAN 2 Ant 1 WLAN 1 Ant 1
Reset
Main
ETH 2 (10/100)
WLAN 2 Ant 2 WLAN 1 Ant 2
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
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Reset switch
Connector for antenna 1 at the 1st WLAN module.
Reset button functions
The reset button offers two basic functions—boot (restart) and reset (to the
factory settings)—which are called by pressing the button for different
lengths of time.
It is not always possible to install a device under lock and key. There is conse-
quently a risk that the configuration will be deleted by mistake if a co-worker
Power-over-Ethernet – elegant power supply through the LAN wiring
LANCOM Access Points are prepared for the PoE power supply (Power-over-Ethernet), corre-
sponding to the 802.3af standard. PoE-enabled network devices can be comfortably supplied
with power feeding through the LAN wiring. A separate external power supply for each base
station is unnecessary, which reduces the installation complexity considerably.
The power feeding into the LAN happens at a central position, either via a PoE power injector,
or via a so-called powerhub/powerswitch. For the LAN wiring is to note that all 8 wires must
be available by the cabling. PoE feeds the power over those four wires, which are normally
not used for data transfer.
The PoE supply works only in such network segments, in which exclusively PoE-capable
devices are operating. The protection of network devices without PoE support is guaranteed
by an intelligent mechanism, that tests the network segment for devices without PoE support
before starting the PoE power feeding. The power is only switched onto the segment, if only
devices with PoE support were detected.
In a PoE installation use exclusively devices which correspond to the 802.3af stand-
ard! For damages caused by inadmissible devices no warranty may be claimed.
Switch PoE - 48 V ACCESS POINT
230 V
Power Injector
Installation of single devices Installation of several devices
PoE Switch 48 V
ACCESS POINTACCESS POINT
230 V
Power switch
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
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presses the reset button too long. You can define the behavior of the reset but-
ton with a setting in WEBconfig (LCOS menu tree Setup Config):
Reset button
This option controls the behavior of the reset button when it is pressed:
Ignore: The button is ignored.
Boot only: With a suitable setting, the behavior of the reset button can
be controlled; the button is then ignored or a press of the button
prompts a re-start only, however long it is held down.
Reset-or-boot (standard setting): Press the button briefly to re-start
the device. Pressing the button for 5 seconds or longer restarts the
device and resets the configuration to its factory settings.
All LEDs on the device light up continuously.
Once the switch is released the device will restart with the restored
factory settings.
After resetting, the device starts completely unconfigured and all set-
tings are lost. If possible be sure to backup the current device confi-
guration before resetting.
After resetting, the LANCOM Access Point returns to managed mode,
in which case the configuration cannot be directly accessed via the
WLAN interface!
2.6 Hardware installation
Installation of the L-32x Access Point devices involves the following steps:
Please observe the following notice: The settings 'Ignore' or 'Boot only' makes it
impossible to reset the configuration to the factory settings. If the password is lost for
a device with this setting, there is no way to access the configuration! In this case the
serial communications interface can be used to upload a new firmware version to the
device—this resets the device to its factory settings, which results in the deletion of the
former configuration. Instructions on firmware uploads via the serial configuration
interface are available in the LCOS reference manual.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
31
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LANCOM L-321agn
Wireless and
LANCOM L-322agn
dual Wireless only
Antennas – screw the antennas supplied to the back of the L-32x Access
Point. Depending on how the antennas are to be used, the 'Antenna
Grouping' parameter may need to be configured in order provide the
desired MIMO behavior (→'Advanced Wireless LAN Configuration').
Antennas are only to be attached or changed when the device is swit-
ched off. Mounting or demounting antennas while the device swit-
ched on may cause the destruction of the WLAN module!
When assembling separately purchased antennas please note that the
maximum allowed transmission power of the wireless LAN according
to EIRP in the country in question may not be exceeded. The system
operator is responsible for adhering to the threshold values.
LAN – You can first connect the L-32x Access Point to your LAN. Plug in
one end of the supplied network cable (green connectors) to the LAN con-
nector on the device and the other end into an available network con-
nector socket in your local network or on a hub or switch. Alternatively
you can connect a single PC.
The LAN connector automatically recognizes the wiring (Auto MDI/X) and
the transfer rate (10/100/1000 Mbit with LANCOM L-320agn Wirelesss
and LANCOM L-321agn Wirelesss, 10/100 Mbit with LANCOM L-322agn
dual Wireless) by autosensing.
Information about the installation of PoE can be found in the information
box →'Power over Ethernet—elegant power supply over LAN cabling'.
DSLoL – if you wish to operate the access point in DSLoL mode you can
either connect the device directly to the DSL modem (exclusive mode) or
via a hub or switch in the wired LAN (automatic mode).
In exclusive mode, plug one end of the network cable supplied (green
connectors) into the LAN port of device and plug the other end into
the corresponding port on the DSL modem.
In automatic mode, plug one end of the supplied network cable
(green connectors) to the LAN port on device and the other end
into an available network connector socket in your local network (or
a free socket on a switch or hub).
Power supply – socket is for connecting the power supply unit pro-
vided.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
32
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Alternatively you can use the PoE facility for the power supply (please refer
to →'Power over Ethernet—elegant power supply over LAN cabling').
Please make sure to use only the power adapter listed in the technical
specifications. The use of the wrong power adapter can be of danger
to the device or persons.
Ready for operation? – After a brief self-test the power LED lights up
permanently in green or it blinks alternately in red and green until a con-
figuration password is set.
2.7 Software installation
The following section describes the installation of the Windows-compatible
system software LANtools, as supplied.
You may skip this section if you use your L-32x Access Point exclusively
with computers running operating systems other than Windows.
LAN interface: Can be used exclusively or in parallel for DSLoL.
There are basically two possibilities for using the access point for DSLoL operation. Use exclu-
sive mode when you wish to connect the device directly to the DSL modem. Use automatic
mode when you wish to connect it to a hub or switch on a wired LAN and the hub (or switch)
is connected to the DSL modem. If the access point is advertised as a gateway via DHCP, com-
puters in the LAN and wireless LAN can
access the Internet via one physical port
simultaneously. You can set the desired
mode in LANconfig in the interface set-
tings of the DSLoL interface.
DSLoL supports all PPPoE-based
Internet connections (such as T-DSL) as well as Internet connections that have been
implemented with static IP addresses via a router (for example CompanyConnect or
various SDSL connections for business customers).
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
33
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2.7.1 Starting the software setup
Place the product CD into your drive. The setup program will start automati-
cally.
If the setup does not start automatically, run AUTORUN.EXE in the
root directory of the LANCOM CD.
In Setup, select Install software. The following selection menus will appear
on screen:
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
34
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2.7.2 Which software should I install?
LANconfig is the Windows configuration program for all LANCOM rou-
ters and LANCOM access points. WEBconfig can be used alternatively
or in addition via a web browser.
With LANmonitor you can use a Windows computer to monitor all of
your LANCOM routers and LANCOM access points.
WLANmonitor enables the observation and surveillance of wireless
LAN networks. Clients connected to the access points are shown, and
even non-authenticated access points and clients can be displayed as
well (rogue AP detection and rogue client detection).
With Documentation you copy the documentation files onto your PC.
Select the appropriate software options and confirm your choice with Next.
The software is installed automatically.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 3: Basic configuration
35
EN
3 Basic configuration
The basic configuration is conducted with a convenient Setup Wizard that
provides step-by-step guidance through the configuration and that requests
any necessary information.
Unconfigured LANCOM Access Points with standard factory settings
cannot be commissioned by means of the WLAN interface.
First of all this chapter presents the information that has to be entered for the
basic configuration. This first section will help you to gather up all of the
necessary data before you start the Wizard.
You subsequently enter this information into the Setup Wizard. Starting the
program and the following procedure are described step by step. LANconfig
and WEBconfig each have their own description. With all of the necessary
information collected in advance, this basic configuration can now take place
quickly and in ease.
At the end of this chapter we show you the necessary settings for the work-
place computers in the LAN so that they can access the device without pro-
blem.
For LANCOM Access Points that are unconfigured and in their factory settings,
the WLAN modules are switched off and set to the "Managed" operating
mode. The WLAN modules search the LAN for a LANCOM WLAN Controller
from which they can receive their WLAN-interface configuration profiles.
Once executed, the Basic Settings Wizard automatically resets the
WLAN-module operating mode to "Access Point". The WLAN interface then
has to be configured manually.
Only activate the Basic Settings Wizard if the Access Point is not to be
configured from a WLAN-Controller. Subsequently execute the WLAN
Wizard → WLAN Configuration.
3.1 Details you will need
The Basic Settings Wizard is used to set the L-32x Access Points basic TCP/IP
parameters and to protect the device with a configuration password. The fol-
lowing description of the information required by the wizard is divided into
the following configuration sections:
TCP/IP settings
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 3: Basic configuration
36
EN
Protecting the configuration
Wireless LAN details
Security settings
3.1.1 TCP/IP settings
TCP/IP configuration can be performed in two different ways: Either fully auto-
matically or manually. No user input is required if TCP/IP configuration is per-
formed automatically. All parameters are set by the Setup Wizard on its own.
When manual TCP/IP configuration is performed the wizard prompts for the
usual TCP/IP parameters: IP address, network mask etc. (more on this later)
The fully automatic TCP/IP configuration is only possible in certain network
environments. For this reason the Setup Wwizard analyses the connected LAN
to see whether fully automatic configuration is possible or not.
New LAN – fully automatic configuration possible
The setup wizard offers to configure TCP/IP fully automatically if no network
devices connected have yet been configured. This usually happens in the fol-
lowing situations:
Only a single PC is going to be attached to the L-32x Access Point
Setting up a new network
Fully automatic TCP/IP configuration will not be offered if you are integrating
the L-32x Access Point into an existing TCP/IP LAN. In this case please conti-
nue with the section 'Required information for manual TCP/IP configuration'.
The result of fully automatic TCP/IP configuration is as follows: The L-32x
Access Point is assigned the IP address '172.23.56.254' (network mask
'255.255.255.0'). The integrated DHCP server is also activated so that the
L-32x Access Point can assign the devices in the LAN IP addresses automati-
cally.
Should you still configure manually?
Fully automatic TCP/IP configuration is optional. Instead of this you can select
manual configuration. Make this selection after considering the following:
Select automatic configuration if you are not familiar with networks and
IP addresses.
Select the manual TCP/IP configuration if you are familiar with networking
and IP addresses, and you would like to specify the IP address for the rou-
ter yourself (from one of the address ranges reserved for private use,
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 3: Basic configuration
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for example '10.0.0.1' with a network mask of '255.255.255.0'). If you
do this you simultaneously specify the address range that the DHCP server
will subsequently use for the other devices in the network (provided the
DHCP server is activated).
Required information for manual TCP/IP configuration
When performing manual TCP/IP configuration the Setup Wwizard prompts
you for the following information:
DHCP mode of operation
Off: The IP addresses required must be entered manually.
Server: The L-32x Access Point operates as DHCP server in the net-
work; as a minimum its own IP address and the network mask must
be assigned.
Client: The L-32x Access Point obtains its address information from
another DHCP server; no address information is required.
IP address and network mask for the L-32x Access Point
Assign the L-32x Access Point a free IP address from your LAN's address
range and enter the network mask.
Gateway address
Enter the gateway's IP address if you have selected 'Off' as the DHCP
mode of operation or if another network device is assuming the role of
gateway in the 'Server' mode of operation.
DNS server
Enter the IP address of a DNS server to resolve domain names if you have
selected 'Off' as the DHCP mode of operation or if another network device
is assuming the role of DNS server in the 'Server' mode of operation.
3.1.2 Configuration protection
Using a password secures access to the L-32x Access Point's configuration and
thus prevents unauthorized modification. The device's configuration contains
a great deal of sensitive data such as data for Internet access and should be
protected by a password in all cases.
Multiple administrators can be set up in the configuration of the
LANCOM, each with different access rights. Up to 16 different admi-
nistrators can be set up for a L-32x Access Point. Further information
can be found in the LCOS reference manual under “Managing rights
for different administrators”.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 3: Basic configuration
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In the managed mode the LANCOM Wireless Routers and LANCOM
Access Points automatically receive the same root password as the
WLAN-Controller, assuming that no root password has been set in the
device itself.
3.1.3 Settings for the wireless LAN
There is a handy installation wizard to help you with the LANCOM Access
Point's wireless LAN configuration. After performing the basic configuration
please execute the wizard to configure the wireless LAN interface (→'WLAN
configuration with the wizards in LANconfig').
3.2 Instructions for LANconfig
Start LANconfig with Start Programs LANCOM LANconfig.
LANconfig automatically detects new LANCOM devices in the TCP/IP net-
work.
If the search detects an unconfigured device, the Setup Wizard launches
to help you with its basic settings, or indeed to handle the entire process
on your behalf (assuming that the appropriate networking environment
exists).
If the Setup Wizard does not start automatically, you can manually
search for new devices at all interfaces (if the L-32x Access Point is
connected via the serial configuration interface) or in the network
(File Find devices).
If you cannot access an unconfigured L-32x Access Point, the problem
may be the LAN netmask: In case there are less than 254 potential
hosts available (netmask >'255.255.255.0'), you must ensure that the
IP address 'x.x.x.254' is available in your subnet.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 3: Basic configuration
39
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If you choose automatic TCP/IP configuration, you can continue with step
.
Give the LANCOM an address from the applicable IP address range. Con-
firm with Next.
In the window that follows, you first set the password to the configura-
tion. Entries are case sensitive and should be at least 6 characters long.
You also define whether the device can be configured from the local net-
work only, or if remote configuration via WAN (i.e.. from a remote net-
work) is to be permitted.
Be aware that releasing this option also allows remote configuration
over the Internet. Whichever option you select, make sure that confi-
guration access is password protected.
Charge protection is a function which can place a limit on the costs from
WAN connections. Accept your entries with Next.
Close the configuration with Finish.
See the section 'TCP/IP settings for PC workstations' for information
on the settings that are required for computers in the LAN.
3.3 Instructions for WEBconfig
Device settings can be configured from any Web browser. WEBconfig configu-
ration software is an integral component of the LANCOM. A Web browser is
all that is required to access WEBconfig. WEBconfig offers similar Setup
Wizards to LANconfig and hence provides the perfect conditions for easy con-
figuration of the LANCOM – although, unlike LANconfig, it runs under any
operating system with a Web browser.
Secure with HTTPS
WEBconfig offers secure (remote) configuration by encrypting the configura-
tion data with HTTPS.
https://<IP address or device name>
Always use the latest version of your browser to ensure maximum
security.
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Accessing the device with WEBconfig
To carry out a configuration with WEBconfig, you need to know how to con-
tact the device. Device behavior and accessibility for configuration via a Web
browser depend on whether the DHCP server and DNS server are active in the
LAN already, and whether these two server processes share the assignment in
the LAN of IP addresses to symbolic names. WEBconfig accesses the LANCOM
either via its IP address, the device name (if configured), or by means of any
name if the device has not yet been configured.
Following power-on, unconfigured LANCOM devices first check whether a
DHCP server is already active in the LAN. Depending on the situation, the
device can either enable its own DHCP server or enable DHCP client mode. In
the second operating mode, the device can retrieve an IP address for itself
from a DHCP server in the LAN.
If a LANCOM Wireless Router or LANCOM Access Point is centrally
managed from a LANCOM WLAN Controller, the DHCP mode is swit-
ched from auto-mode to client mode upon provision of the WLAN
configuration.
Network without a DHCP server
Not for centrally
managed LANCOM
Wireless Routers or
LANCOM Access
Points
In a network without a DHCP server, unconfigured LANCOM devices enable
their own DHCP server service when switched on and assign IP addresses,
information on gateways, etc. to other computers in the LAN (provided they
are set to automatic retrieval of IP addresses – auto DHCP). In this constella-
tion, the device can be accessed by every computer with the auto DHCP func-
tion enabled with a Web browser under IP address 172.23.56.254.
With the factory settings and an activated DHCP server, the device for-
wards all incoming DNS requests to the internal Web server. This
means that a connection can easily be made to set set up an uncon-
figured LANCOM by entering any name into a Web browser.
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If the configuration computer does not retrieve its IP address from the
LANCOM DHCP server, it determines the current IP address of the computer
(with Start Run cmd and command ipconfig at the prompt under Win-
dows 2000 or Windows XP or Windows Vista, with Start Run cmd and
command winipcfg at the prompt under Windows Me or Windows 9x, or
with command ifconfig in the console under Linux). In this case, the LANCOM
can be accessed with address x.x.x.254 (the “x”s stand for the first three
blocks in the IP address of the configuration computer).
Network with DHCP server
If a DHCP server for the assignment of IP addresses is active in the LAN, an
unconfigured LANCOM device disables its own DHCP server, switches to DHCP
client mode and retrieves an IP address from the DHCP server in the LAN.
However, this IP address is initially unknown and accessing the device
depends on the name resolution:
If the LAN also has a DNS server for name resolution and this communi-
cates the IP address/name assignment to the DHCP server, the device can
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be reached under name "LANCOM-<MAC address>",
e.g. “LANCOM-00a057xxxxxx”.
The MAC address on a sticker on the base of the device.
If there is no DNS server in the LAN, or if it is not coupled to the DHCP
server, the device cannot be reached via the name. In this case the follo-
wing options remain:
Under LANconfig use the function "Find devices", or under WEBconfig
use the "search for other devices" option from any other networked
LANCOM.
Use suitable tools to find out the IP address assigned to the LANCOM
by DHCP and access the device directly using this IP address.
Use the serial configuration interface to connect a computer running
a terminal program to the device.
Login
When prompted for user name and password when accessing the device,
enter your personal data in the appropriate fields. Observe the use of upper
and lower case.
If you used the general configuration access, only enter the corresponding
password. The user name field remains blank in this case.
As an alternative, the login dialog provides a link for an encrypted
connection over HTTPS. Always use the HTTPS connection for increa-
sed security whenever possible.
http://LANCOM-00a05700094A
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Setup Wizards
The setup Wizards allow quick and easy configuration of the most common
device settings. Select the Wizard and enter the appropriate data on the fol-
lowing screens.
The settings are not stored in the device until inputs are confirmed on
the last screen of the Wizard.
3.4 TCP/IP settings for PC workstations
It is extremely important to assign the correct addresses to all of the devices
in the LAN. Also, all of these computers must know the IP addresses of two
central stations in the LAN:
Standard gateway – receives all packets which are not addressed to com-
puters in the local network
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DNS server – translates network and computer names into their actual IP
addresses.
The L-32x Access Point can fulfill the functions of a standard gateway and also
of a DNS server. It can also operate as a DHCP server, which automatically
assigns IP addresses to all of the computers in the LAN.
The correct TCP/IP configuration of a PC in the LAN depends essentially on the
method used for assigning IP addresses in the LAN:
IP address allocation by a LANCOM
In this operating mode, a LANCOM uses DHCP to allocate not only an IP
address to each PC in the LAN and WLAN (for devices with a radio
module), but it also communicates its own IP address as the standard
gateway and DNS server. For this reason, the PCs have to be set up to
automatically retrieve their own IP address and those of the standard
gateway and DNS server via DHCP.
IP address allocation by a separate DHCP server
For this reason, the workstation PCs have to be set up to automatically
retrieve their own IP address and those of the standard gateway and DNS
server via DHCP. The DHCP server is to be programmed such that the IP
address of the LANCOM is communicated to the PCs in the LAN as the
standard gateway. The DHCP server should also communicate that the
LANCOM is the DNS server.
Manual IP address assignment
If IP addresses in a network are statically assigned, then the IP address of
the LANCOM is to be set as the standard gateway and DNS server in the
TCP/IP configuration of each PC in the LAN.
Further information and help on the TCP/IP settings for your L-32x
Access Point is available in the Reference Manual. For information on
the network configuration of workstation PCs, refer to the documen-
tation for the installed operating system.
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4 Security settings
Your LANCOM features numerous security functions. This chapter provides you
with all of the information you need to optimally protect your device.
You can carry out the configuration of security settings very quickly
and conveniently with the Security Wizards in LANconfig and
WEBconfig.
4.1 Security in the wireless LAN
Wireless LANs are potentially a significant security risk. It is a common
assumption that it is simple to misuse data transferred by wireless.
Wireless LAN devices from LANCOM Systems enable the latest security tech-
nologies to be used.
Encrypted data transfer with WPA2 and AES encryption
802.1x / EAP
LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security (LEPS)
Access control by MAC address
Optional IPSec-over-WLAN VPN
4.1.1 Encrypted data transfer
Encryption takes on a special role in the transfer of data in wireless LANs.
Wireless communication with IEEE 802.11 is supplemented with the the
encryption standards 802.11i/WPA and WEP. The aim of the encryption
methods is to provide wireless LAN with levels of security equivalent to those
in cabled LANs.
LANCOM Systems's recommendation for the most secure passphrase
variant is to employ 802.11i (WPA2) in combination with AES. The key
should be randomly selected from the largest possible range of num-
bers and should be as long as possible (32 to 63 characters). The pre-
vents dictionary attacks.
Use encryption on the data transferred in the WLAN. Activate the stron-
gest possible encryption method available to you ((802.11i with AES, TKIP
or WEP) and enter the appropriate keys or passphrases into the access
point and the WLAN clients.
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The passphrases for 802.11i or WPA do not have to be changed quite so
regularly as new keys are generated for each connection anyway. This is
not the only reason that the encryption with 802.11i/AES or WPA/TKIP is
so much more secure than the now obsolete WEP method. If you use WEP
encryption to maintain compatibility with older WLAN clients, regularly
change the WEP key in your access point.
If the data is of a high security nature, further improvements include addi-
tionally authenticating the client with the 802.1x method (’802.1x / EAP’
→page 46) or activate an additional encryption of the WLAN connection
as used for VPN tunnels (’IPSec over WLAN’ →page 47). In special cases,
a combination of these two mechanisms is possible.
Detailed information about WLAN security and the various encryption
methods are to be found in the LCOS reference manual.
4.1.2 802.1x / EAP
The international industry standard IEEE 802.1x and the Extensible Authenti-
cation Protocol (EAP) enable access points to carry out reliable and secure
access checks. The access data can be managed centrally on a RADIUS server
(integrated RADIUS/EAP server in the L-32x Access Point or external RADIUS/
EAP server) and accessed by the access point when required. The dynamically
generated and cryptographically secure key material for 802.11i (WPA1/2)
replaces the manual key management.
The IEEE-802.1x technology has already been fully integrated since Windows
XP. Client software exists for other operating systems. The drivers for the
LANCOM AirLancer wireless cards feature an integrated 802.1x client.
4.1.3 LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security
With LEPS (LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security), LANCOM Systems has
developed an efficient method that makes use of the simple configuration of
IEEE 802.11i with passphrase, but that avoids the potential error sources in
passphrase distribution. LEPS uses an additional column in the ACL to assign
an individual passphrase consisting of any 4 to 64 ASCII characters to each
MAC address. The connection to the access point and the subsequent encryp-
tion with IEEE 802.11i or WPA is only possible with the right combination of
passphrase and MAC address.
LEPS can be used locally in the device and can also be centrally managed with
the help of a RADIUS server, and it works with all WLAN client adapters cur-
rently available on the market without modification. Full compatibility to
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third-party products is assured as LEPS only involves configuration in the
access point.
An additional security aspect: LEPS can also be used to secure single point-
to-point (P2P) connections with an individual passphrase. Even if an access
point in a P2P installation is stolen and the passphrase and MAC address
become known, all other WLAN connections secured by LEPS remain protec-
ted, particularly when the ACL is stored on a RADIUS server.
Guest access with LEPS: LEPS can also be set up to allow access to
guests. To this end, all users of the internal WLAN network are given
individual passphrases. Guests can make use of their own dedicated
SSID and a global passphrase. To avoid abuse, the this global pass-
phrase can be changed on a regular basis—every few days,
for example.
4.1.4 Access control by MAC address
Every network device has a unique identification number. This identification
number is known as the MAC address (Media Access Control) and it is unique
worldwide.
The MAC address is programmed into the hardware. Wireless LAN devices
from LANCOM Systems display their MAC number on the housing.
Access to an infrastructure network can be limited to certain wireless LAN
devices by defining MAC addresses. The access points have filter lists in (ACL
– access control list) for storing authorized MAC addresses.
4.1.5 IPSec over WLAN
With the help of the IPSec-over-WLAN technology in addition to the security
measures described already, a wireless network for the exchange of especially
sensitive data can be optimally secured. Required for this is a base station
with VPN support and the LANCOM Advanced VPN Client that operates under
Windows 2000, XP and Windows Vista™. Client software from third parties is
available for other operating systems.
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4.2 Tips for the proper treatment of keys and passphra-
ses
By observing a few vital rules on the treatment of keys you can significantly
increase the security of encryption techniques.
Keep your keys as secret as possible.
Never write down a key. Popular but completely unsuitable are, for
example: Notebooks, wallets and text files on the computer. Do not pass
on a key unless it is absolutely necessary.
Choose a random key.
Use long random strings that combine letters and numbers (at least 32 to
a maximum of 63 characters). Keys that are normal words are not secure.
If you suspect anything, change the key immediately.
When an employee with access to a key leaves the company, then it is
high time to change the wireless LAN key. Even if there is the slightest sus-
picion of a leak, renew the key.
LEPS avoids the global distribution of passphrases.
Activate LEPS to enable the use of individual passphrases.
4.3 Security settings Wizard
Access to the configuration of a device allows access to more than just critical
information (e. g. WPA key, Internet password). Far more critical is that set-
tings for security functions (e.g.the firewall) can be altered. Unauthorized
access is not just a risk for the device itself, but for the entire network.
Your LANCOM offers password-protected access to its configuration. This is
activated during the initial basic configuration simply by entering a password.
If the wrong password is entered a certain number of times, the device auto-
matically blocks access to the configuration for a fixed period. You can modify
the critical number of attempts and also the duration of the lock. By default,
the device locks for five minutes after five incorrect entries of the password.
Along with these basic settings, you can use the Security settings Wizard to
check the settings of your wireless network (if so equipped).
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4.3.1 LANconfig Wizard
Mark your LANCOM in the selection window. From the command line,
select Extras Setup Wizard.
In the selection menu, select the Setup Wizard, Check security settings
and confirm the selection with Next.
In the dialogs that follow you can set the password and select the proto-
cols to be available for accessing the configuration from local and remote
networks.
In a subsequent step, you can set parameters for locking the configuration
such as the number of incorrect password entries and the duration of the
lock.
For devices with a WLAN interface, you have the option of specifying the
security parameters of the wireless network. This includes the name of the
wireless network, the closed-network function, and encryption by
802.11i/WPA or WEP. For devices with an optional second WLAN inter-
face, you can set the parameters for both wireless networks separately.
For the WLAN interface, you can subsequently define the access control
lists (ACL) and the protocols. This allows you to place limitations on the
data exchange between the wireless network and the LAN.
For the firewall, you can activate stateful inspection, ping blocking, and
the stealth mode.
The Wizard will inform you as soon as the entries are complete. Close the
configuration with Finish.
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4.3.2 WEBconfig Wizard
With WEBconfig you have the option to launch the Check security settings
Wizard to check and change any settings. The following values are edited:
Device password
The protocols to be available for accessing the configuration from local
and remote networks
The parameters for locking the configuration (the number of incorrect
password entries and the duration of the lock)
Security parameters such as WLAN name, closed-network function, WPA
passphrase, WEP key, ACL lists, and protocol filters
4.4 The security checklist
The following checklists provide an overview of all security settings that are
important to professionals. Most of the points in this checklist are uncritical
for simple configurations. In these cases, the security settings in the basic
configuration or that were set with the Security Wizard are sufficient.
Detailed information about the security settings mentioned here are
to be found in the reference manual.
Have you secured your wireless network with encryption and
access control lists?
With the help of 802.11i, WPA or WEP, you can encrypt the data in your
wireless network with different encryption methods such as AES, TKIP or
WEP. LANCOM Systems recommends the strongest possible encryption
with 802.11i and AES. If the WLAN client adapters do not support these,
then you should use TKIP or at least WEP. Make sure that the encryption
function in your device is activated, and that at least one passphrase or
WEP key has been entered and selected for application.
For security reasons, LANCOM Systems strongly advises you not to use
WEP! You should only ever use WEP under exceptional circumstances.
When using WEP encryption, use additional security mechanisms
additionally.
To check encryption settings, open LANconfig, go to the configuration
area and select ‘Wireless LAN’ on the '802.11i/WEP' tab to view the set-
tings for the logical WLAN interfaces.
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With the access control list (ACL) you can permit or prevent individual cli-
ents accessing your wireless LAN. The decision is based on the MAC
address that is permanently programmed into wireless network adapters.
To check the access-control list, go to the configuration area in LANconfig
and select ‘WLAN security’ on the ‘Stations’ tab.
The LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security (LEPS) uses an additional
column in the ACL to assign an individual passphrase consisting of any 4
to 64 ASCII characters to each MAC address. The connection to the access
point and the subsequent encryption with IEEE 802.11i or WPA is only
possible with the right combination of passphrase and MAC address.
Have you protected the configuration with a password?
The simplest way of protecting the configuration is to agree upon a pass-
word. If no password has been agreed for the device, the configuration is
open to be changed by anybody. The field for entering the password is to
be found in LANconfig in the 'Management' configuration area on the
'Security' tab. It is absolutely imperative to assign a password to the con-
figuration if you want to enable remote configuration!
Have you permitted remote configuration?
If you do not require remote configuration, please ensure to switch it off.
If you need to make use of remote configuration, ensure that you do not
fail to password-protect the configuration (see the section above). The
field for disenabling remote configuration is to be found in LANconfig in
the 'Management' configuration area on the 'Security' tab. Under ‘Access
rights – From remote networks’ select the option ‘denied’ for all methods
of configuration.
Have you allowed configuration from the wireless LAN?
If you do not need to configure the device from the wireless LAN, switch
this function off. The field for disenabling configuration from the wireless
LAN is to be found in LANconfig in the 'Management' configuration area
on the 'Admin' tab. Under ‘Access rights – From the wireless LAN’ select
the option ‘denied’ for all methods of configuration.
Have your password-protected the SNMP configuration?
Protect the SNMP configuration with a password too. The field for pass-
word-protecting the SNMP configuration is also to be found in LANconfig
in the 'Management' configuration area on the 'Security' tab.
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Have you activated the firewall?
The stateful inspection firewall of LANCOM devices ensures that you local
network cannot be attacked from the outside. Activate the firewall in
LANconfig under 'Firewall/QoS' on the 'General' tab.
Note that firewall security mechanisms (incl. IP masquerading, port
filters, access lists) are active only for data connections that are trans-
mitted via the IP router. Direct data connections via the bridge are not
protected by the firewall!
Are you using a 'deny all' firewall strategy?
Maximum security and control is initially achieved by denying all data
traffic from passing the firewall. The only connections to be accepted by
the firewall are those that are to be explicitly permitted. This ensures that
Trojan horses and certain types of e-mail virus are denied communication
to the outside. Activate the firewall rules in LANconfig under 'Firewall/
QoS' on the 'Rules' tab. Instructions on this are to be found in the refe-
rence manual.
Have you activated IP masquerading?
IP masquerading refers to the concealment of local computers while they
access the Internet. All that is revealed to the Internet is the IP number of
the router module of the device. The IP address can be fixed or dynami-
cally assigned by the provider. The computers in the LAN then use the rou-
ter as a gateway and are not visible themselves. The router separates the
Internet from the intranet like a wall. The application of IP masquerading
is set in the routing table for every route individually. The routing table can
be found in the LANconfig in the configuration area 'IP router' on the
'Routing' tab.
Have you used filters to close critical ports?
The firewall filters in LANCOM devices offer filter functions for individual
computers or entire networks. It is possible to set up source and destina-
tion filters for individual ports or port ranges. Furthermore, filters can be
set for individual protocols or any combination of protocols (TCP/UDP/
ICMP). It is especially convenient to set up the filters with the aid of
LANconfig. Under 'Firewall/QoS', the 'Rules' tab contains the functions for
defining and editing filter rules.
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Have you excluded certain stations from accessing the device?
A special filter list can be used to limit access to the device's internal func-
tions via TCP/IP. The phrase "internal functions" refers to configuration
sessions via LANconfig, WEBconfig, Telnet or TFTP. As standard this table
contains no entries, meaning that computers with any IP address can use
TCP/IP and Telnet or TFTP to commence accessing the device. The first time
an IP address is entered with its associated netmask, the filter is activated
and only the IP addresses contained in this entry are entitled to make use
of internal functions. Further entries can be used to extend the circle of
authorized parties. The filter entries can describe individual computers or
even entire networks. The access list can be found in the LANconfig in the
configuration area 'TCP/IP' on the 'General' tab.
Do you store your saved LANCOM configuration to a safe location?
Protect your saved configurations in a location that is safe from unautho-
rized access. Otherwise, byway of example, an unauthorized person may
load your stored configuration file into another device and they can access
the Internet at your expense.
Concerning the exchange of your particularly sensitive data via
wireless LAN; have you set up the functions offered by IEEE
802.1x?
If you move especially sensitive data via wireless LAN you can provide
even stronger security by using the IEEE 802.1x technology. To check or
activate the IEEE 802.1x settings in LANconfig select the configuration
area '802.1x'.
Have you activated the protection of your WAN access in case the
device is stolen?
After being stolen, the device can theoretically be operated at another
location by unauthorized persons. Password-protected device configura-
tions do not stop third parties from operating RAS access, LAN connecti-
vity or VPN connections that are set up in the device: A thief could gain
access to a protected network.
The device’s operation can be protected by various means; for example, it
will cease to function if there is an interruption to the power supply, or if
the device is switched on in another location.
The scripting function can store the entire configuration in RAM only so
that restarting the device will cause the configuration to be deleted. The
configuration is not written to the non-volatile flash memory. A loss of
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power because the device has been relocated will cause the entire confi-
guration to be deleted (for further information see the reference manual).
Have you ensured that the reset button is safe from accidental
configuration resets?
Some devices simply cannot be installed under lock and key. There is con-
sequently a risk that the configuration will be deleted by mistake if a co-
worker presses the reset button too long. The behavior of the reset button
can be set so that a press is either ignored or it causes a re-start, depen-
ding on the time for which it is held pressed.
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5 Advanced wireless LAN configuration
The configuration of the LANCOM Access Points for your wireless LAN is con-
ducted with the aid of highly convenient installation wizards.
The settings include the general, far-reaching parameters and also the indivi-
dual settings for one or more logical wireless LAN networks (WLAN radio cells
or SSIDs).
5.1 WLAN configuration with the wizards in LANconfig
Highly convenient installation wizards are available to help you with the con-
figuration of LANCOM Access Points for your wireless LAN.
The settings include the general shared parameters and also the individual
settings for one or more logical wireless LAN networks (WLAN radio cells or
SSIDs).
Mark your LANCOM Access Point in the selection window in LANconfig.
From the command line, select Extras Setup Wizard.
In the selection menu, select the Setup Wizard, Configure WLAN inter-
face and confirm the selection with Continue.
Make the settings as requested by the wizard and as described as follows.
Country settings
Regulations for the operation of WLAN cards differ from country to country.
The use of some radio channels is prohibited in certain countries. To operate
the LANCOM Access Points while observing the regulations in various coun-
tries, all physical WLAN interfaces can be set up for the country where they
are operated.
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WLAN module operation
The WLAN modules can be operated in various operating modes:
As a base station (Access Point mode), the device makes the link between
WLAN clients and the cabled LAN. Parallel to this, point-to-point connec-
tions are possible as well.
In Managed Mode the Access Points also accept WLAN clients into the
network, although the clients then join a WLAN infrastructure that is con-
figured by a central WLAN-Controller. In this operating mode, no further
WLAN configuration is necessary as all WLAN parameters are provided by
the WLAN-Controller.
In client mode, the device itself locates the connection to another Access
Point and attempts to register with a wireless network. In this case the
device serves, for example, to link a cabled network device to an Access
Point over a wireless connection. In this operating mode, parallel point-
to-point connections are not possible.
For further information please refer to section → Client Mode.
Physical WLAN settings
Along with the radio channels, the physical WLAN settings can also be used
to activate options such as the bundeling of WLAN packets (TX Burst), hard-
ware compression, or the use of QoS compliant with 802.11e. You also control
the settings for the diversity behavior here.
Logical WLAN networks
Each WLAN module can support up to eight logical WLAN networks for
mobile WLAN clients to register with. The following parameters have to be set
when configuring a logical WLAN network:
The network name (SSID)
Open or closed radio LAN
Encryption settings
MAC filter
Client-bridge operation
Filter settings
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Point-to-point settings
The configuration of P2P connections involves setting not only the operating
mode but also the station name that the Access Point can connect to. Also,
the role as "Master" or "Slave" is set here.
Along with the settings for the Access Point itself, also to be defined is the
remote site that the Access Point can contact via the P2P connection.
For further information please refer to section → Point-to-point connections.
5.2 Special wireless LAN parameters for 802.11n
You can use special parameters to adjust the operation of the 802.11n Access
Point to match the application in question. Some of the parameters are con-
cerned with compatibility to the conventional wireless LAN standard, others
with transmission performance.
5.2.1 Compatibility
In principle, 802.11n is backwardly compatible to the previous IEEE 802.11a/
b/g wireless LAN standards even though not all 802.11n functions are sup-
ported in this mode. Compatibility can be allowed or restricted by selecting
the operating mode in the relevant frequency band (2.4 or 5 GHz). In this way
you can allow the corresponding wireless LAN clients to register with the
Access Point.
In the 2.4 GHz band you can allow operation in accordance with 802.1b/
g/n either exclusively or in various mixed modes. When 802.11b is sup-
ported you can also select whether only 11Mbps mode or the older
2 Mbps are to be supported.
In the 5 GHz band you can choose to allow either greenfield mode
(802.11n only) or mixed operation with 802.11a.
Compatibility is always achieved at the expense of performance. It is
therefore recommended to allow only those modes of operation that
are absolutely necessary for the wireless LAN clients in use.
5.2.2 Performance settings for the wireless LAN module
802.11n provides a number of functions intended to improve wireless LAN
performance, some of which apply to the entire wireless LAN module.
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Double bandwidth (40 MHz channels)
A wireless LAN module normally uses a frequency range of 20 MHz in
which data to be transmitted is modulated to the carrier signals. 802.11a/
b/g use 48 carrier signals in a 20 MHz channel. The use of double the fre-
quency range of 40 MHz means that 96 carrier signals can be used, resul-
ting in a doubling of the data throughput.
802.11n can use 52 carrier signals in one 20 MHz channel for modulation
and up to 108 in a 40 MHz channel. The use of the 40 MHz option for
802.11n therefore means a performance gain of more than double.
Antenna grouping
The L-32x Access Points use two antennas for transmitting and receiving
data. Using several antennas with 802.11n can have different purposes:
Improved data throughput: Using "spatial multiplexing" allows par-
allel data streams to be implemented to transmit double the amount
of data.
Improving wireless coverage: Cyclic shift diversity (CSD) can be used
to transmit a radio signal in different phases. This reduces the risk of
the signal being erased at certain points in the radio cell.
Depending on the application the use of the antennas can be set:
When using the device in Access Point mode to connect wireless LAN
clients it is necessary to use all antennas in parallel in order to profit
from the MIMO effect and to achieve good network coverage.
For applications with only one antenna (for example an outdoor
application with just one antenna) the antenna is connected to port 1
and port 2 should be deactivated
The ''Auto' setting means that all available antennas are used.
5.2.3 Performance settings for wireless LAN networks
Some performance settings can be configured separately for each logical
wireless LAN network (i.e. for each SSID).
Number of spatial streams
The spatial multiplexing function allows several separate data streams to
be transmitted over separate antennas in order to increase data through-
put. When using external antennas, please observe that the number of
spatial streams can be transmitted by the antenna system (e.g. two with
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polarization-diversity antennas and one with normal outdoor antennas
with a single antenna connector).
With the 'Auto' setting all spatial streams that are supported by the
wireless LAN module in question are used.
Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS)
A specific MCS number denotes a unique combination from the modula-
tion of the individual carriers (BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM), coding rate
(i. e. proportion of error correction bits in the raw data and number of
spatial streams. 802.11n uses this term instead of the term "data rate"
used in older wireless LAN standards because data rate is no longer an
unequivocal description.
The MCS selection therefore indicates the type and minimum or maximum
number of modulation parameters that should be used for one or two
spatial data streams. Within these limits, the appropriate MCS is selected
MCS index Data streams Modulation Coding rate Data throughput
(GI=0.4 μs, 40 MHz)
01BPSK1/215
11QPSK1/230
21QPSK3/445
3 1 16QAM 1/2 60
4 1 16QAM 3/4 90
5 1 64QAM 1/2 120
6 1 64QAM 3/4 135
7 1 64QAM 5/6 150
8 2 BPSK 1/2 30
9 2 QPSK 1/2 60
10 2QPSK 3/4 90
11 216QAM 1/2 120
12 216QAM 3/4 180
13 264QAM 1/2 240
14 264QAM 3/4 270
15 264QAM 5/6 300
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when the connection is established depending on the current conditions
and may be adapted during the connection if required. This also defines
the maximum attainable data throughput, indicated in the last column of
the table (here for the short guard interval GI = 0.4 μs using the 40 MHz
channel).
Short guard interval
This option is used to reduce the transmission pause between two signals
from 0.8 μs (default) to 0.4 μs (short guard interval). This increases the
effective time available for data transmission and thus the data through-
put. However, the wireless LAN system becomes more liable to disruption
that can be caused by interference between two consecutive signals.
The short guard interval is activated in automatic mode provided the
remote station supports this operating mode. Alternatively the short
guard mode can be switched off.
Frame aggregation
Frame aggregation is used to combine several data packets (frames) into
one large packet and transmit them together. This method serves to
reduce the packet overhead, and the data throughput increases.
Frame aggregation is not particularly suited to time critical data transmis-
sion such as voice over IP.
5.2.4 Configuring 802.11n parameters
You can find 802.11n parameter configuration for the wireless LAN module in
LANconfig under Wireless LAN General Physical WLAN Settings
Radio.
You can find these parameters in WEBconfig or Telnet under LCOS Menu Tree
Setup Interfaces WLAN Radio Settings.
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You can find 802.11n parameter configuration for individual wireless LAN
networks in LANconfig under Wireless LAN General Logical WLAN
Settings Transmission.
You can find these parameters in WEBconfig or telnet under LCOS Menu Tree
Setup Interfaces WLAN Transmission.
5.3 Point-to-point connections
LANCOM Access Points can serve not only as central stations in a wireless net-
work, they can also operate in point-to-point mode to bridge longer dis-
tances. For example, they can provide a secure connection between two
networks that are several kilometers apart — without direct cabling or expen-
sive leased lines.
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When using Access Points and appropriately polarized antennas in accor-
dance with IEEE 802.11n two wireless links can be established simultaneously
between the end points of a point-to-point connection. This allows higher
data throughput to be achieved or greater distances to be covered than when
using other standards.
This chapter introduces the basic principles involved in designing point-to-
point links and provides tips on aligning the antennas.
5.3.1 Geometric dimensioning of outdoor wireless network links
The following basic questions must be answered when designing wireless
links:
Which antennas are necessary for the desired application?
How do the antennas have to be positioned to ensure problem-free con-
nections?
What performance characteristics do the antennas need to ensure suffi-
cient data throughput within the legal limits?
WLAN Router ANTENNA
BUILDING ACCESS POINT
ANTENNA
BUILDING
ACCESS POINTANTENNA
BUILDING
MIMO AP 802.11n POLARIZATION
DIVERSITY
Building
MIMO AP 802.11n
POLARIZATION
DIVERSITY
Building
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Selection of antennas using the LANCOM Antenna Calculator
You can use the LANCOM Antenna Calculator to calculate the output power
of the access points as well as for a first estimation of the achievable distances
and data rates. The program can be downloaded from our Web site at
www.lancom.eu.
After selecting your components (access points, antennas, lightning protec-
tion and cable) the calculator works out the data rates, ranges, and the
antenna gain settings that have to be entered into the access point.
Please note that when using 5 GHz antennas additional technologies
such as dynamic frequency selection (DFS) may be stipulated depen-
ding on the country of use. The operator of the wireless LAN system is
responsible for ensuring that local regulations are met.
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Positioning the antennas
Antennas do not broadcast their signals linearly, but within an angle that
depends on the model in question. The spherical expansion of the signal
waves produces amplification or interference of the effective power output at
certain distances along the connection between the transmitter and receiver.
The areas where the waves amplify or cancel themselves out are known as
Fresnel zones.
The Fresnel zone 1 must remain free from obstruction in order to ensure that
the maximum level of output from the transmitting antenna reaches the recei-
ving antenna. Any obstructing element protruding into this zone will signifi-
cantly impair the effective signal power. The object not only screens off a
portion of the Fresnel zone, but the resulting reflections also lead to a signifi-
cant reduction in signal reception.
The radius (R) of Fresnel zone 1 is calculated with the following formula assu-
ming that the signal wavelength (λ) and the distance between transmitter
and receiver (d) are known.
Protecting the components employed from the consequences of
lightning strikes and other electrostatic influences is one of the
most important aspects to be considered when designing and
installing wireless LAN systems for outdoor use. Please refer to the
appropriate notes on →'Lightning and surge protection' as other-
wise LANCOM Systems cannot provide any guarantee for damage
to LANCOM and AirLancer components.
Information on the installation of WLAN systems for outdoor
deployment is available in the 'LANCOM Outdoor Wireless Guide'.
WLAN Router
ANTENNA
ADMINISTRATION ACCESS POINT
ANTENNA
PRODUCTIONOBSTRUCTION
Fresnel zone 1
Fresnel zone 2
Fresnel zone 3 Radius R
Distance d
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R = 0.5 * √ (λ * d)
The wavelength in the 2.4 GHz band is approx. 0.125 m, in the 5 GHz band
approx. 0.05 m.
Example: With a separating distance of 4 km between the two antennae, the
radius of Fresnel zone 1 in the 2.4-GHz band is 11 m, in the 5-GHz band 7 m.
To ensure that the Fresnel zone 1 remains unobstructed, the height of the
antennas must exceed that of the highest obstruction by this radius. The full
height of the antenna mast (M) should be as depicted:
M = R + 1m + H + E (earth's curvature)
The allowance for the curvature of the earth (E) can be calculated at a distance
(d) as E = d² * 0.0147 – i.e. at a distance of 8 km this is almost 1m
Example: With a distance of 8 km between the antennae, the result in the
2.4-GHz band is a mast height above the level of the highest obstruction of
approx. 13 m, in the 5-GHz band 9 m.
Antenna power
The power of the antennas must be high enough to ensure acceptable data
transfer rates. On the other hand, the country-specific legal regulations regar-
ding maximum transmission power should not be exceeded.
The calculation of effective power considers everything from the radio module
in the transmitting access point to the radio module in the receiving access
point. In between there are attenuating elements such as the cable, plug con-
nections or simply the air transmitting the signals and amplifying elements
such as the external antennas.
WLAN Router
ANTENNA
ADMINISTRATION WLAN Router
ANTENNA
PRODUCTION
OBSTRUCTION
Fresnel zone 1
Radius R
Security: 1m
Obstruction height H
Earth's curvature E
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The display of signal quality on the LEDs must be activated for the wireless
LAN interface (LANconfig: Wireless LAN General Physical WLAN
settings Operation). The faster the LED blinks the better the connection
(a blinking frequency of 1 Hz represents a signal quality of 10 dB, double the
frequency indicates that the signal strength is twice as high).
In LANmonitor the connection quality display is opened with the context
menu. Right-clicking with the mouse on 'Point-to-point' activates the option
'Adjusting Point-to-Point WLAN Antennas...'
The 'Point-to-point' entry is only visible in the LANmonitor if the
monitored device has at least one base station defined as a remote
site for a P2P connection (LANconfig: Wireless LAN General
Physical WLAN settings Point-to-Point).
In the dialog for setting up point-to-point connections, LANmonitor prompts
for the information required to establish the P2P connection:
Is the P2P connection configured at both ends (remote base station defi-
ned with MAC address or station name)?
Is the point-to-point mode of operation activated?
Which access point is to be monitored? All of the base stations defined as
P2P remote sites in the device concerned can be selected here.
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Are both antennas approximately aligned? The basic P2P connection has
to be working before fine-tuning can be performed with the aid of
LANmonitor.
Once signal monitoring has commenced, the P2P dialog displays the absolute
values for the current signal strength and the maximum value since starting
the measurement. The development of the signal strength over time and the
maximum value are displayed in a diagram, too.
Initially only one of the two antennas should be adjusted until a maximum
value is achieved. This first antenna is then fixed and the second antenna is
then adjusted to attain the best signal quality.
5.3.3 Measuring wireless bridges
After planning and installation, the wireless bridge can be analyzed to deter-
mine the actual data throughput. Further information about the available
tools and taking measurements can be found in the LANCOM Techpaper "The
performance of outdoor P2P connections", available as a download from
www.lancom.eu.
5.3.4 Activating the point-to-point operation mode
The behavior of an access point when exchanging data with other access
points is defined in the "Point-to-point operation mode".
Off: The access point only communicates with mobile clients
To: The access point can communicate with other access points and with
mobile clients
Exclusive: The access point only communicates with other base stations
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In the 5 -GHz band, the automatic search for vacant WLAN channels can lead
to several simultaneous test transmissions from multiple access points, with
the result that they do not find each other. This stalemate situation can be
avoided with the appropriate "Channel selection scheme":
Master: This access point takes over the leadership when selecting a free
WLAN channel.
Slave: All other access points will search for a channel until they have
found a transmitting Master.
Thus it is recommended for the 5 GHz band that one central access point
should be configured as 'Master' and all other point-to-point partners should
be configured as 'Slave'. In the 2.4 GHz band, too, this setting simplifies the
establishment of point-to-point connections if the automatic channel search
is activated.
It is imperative that the channel selection scheme is configured cor-
rectly if the point-to-point connections are to be encrypted with
802.11i/WPA (a master as authentication server and a slave as client).
5.3.5 Configuration of P2P connections
In the configuration of point-to-point connections, entries have to be made
for the point-to-point operation mode and the channel selection scheme,
along with the MAC addresses or station names of the remote sites.
Configuration with
LANconfig
For configuration with LANconfig you will find the settings for P2P connec-
tions under the configuration area 'Interfaces' on the 'Wireless LAN' tab.
The configuration of the P2P connections can also be carried out with
the WLAN Wizards in LANconfig.
MASTER ANTENNA
SLAVE
ANTENNA
SLAVE
ANTENNA
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Click on the button Physical WLAN settings to open the corresponding
WLAN interface and select the tab for 'Point-to-Point'.
Activate the suitable point-to-point operation mode here and set the
channel selection scheme to either 'Master' or 'Slave'. If the peers of the
P2P connections are to be identified via their station names, then enter a
unique name for this WLAN station.
For models with multiple WLAN modules, the station name can be
entered separately for each physical WLAN interface.
Close the physical WLAN settings and open the list of Point-to-point
partners. For each of the maximum of six P2P connections, enter either
the MAC address of the WLAN card at the remote station or enter the
WLAN station's name (depending on the chosen method of identifica-
tion).
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Please observe that only the MAC addresses of the WLAN cards at the
other end of the connections are to be entered here! Not the access
point's own MAC address, and not the MAC addresses from any other
interfaces that may be present in the access points.
You will find the WLAN MAC address on a sticker located under each of the
antenna connectors. Only use the string that is marked as the "WLAN MAC"
or "MAC-ID". The other addresses that may be found are not the WLAN MAC
address but the LAN MAC address.
Connecting point-to-point remote stations by station name
When configuring point-to-point connections, an alternative to the MAC
addresses is to use the station names of the remote stations.
First of all the station name is entered into the point-to-point settings in the
Wireless Routers or Access Points.
LANconfig: Wireless LAN General Physical WLAN settings
Point to point
WEBconfig: Setup Interfaces WLAN interpoint settings
For models with multiple WLAN modules, the station name can be
entered separately for each physical WLAN interface.
In the point-to-point configuration, select the identification by station name
and enter the name of the corresponding station.
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LANconfig: Wireless LAN General Point to point partners
WEBconfig: Setup Interfaces WLAN interpoint peers
5.3.6 Access points in relay mode
Access points equipped with two wireless modules can be used to establish
wireless bridges across multiple stations. Each wireless module is configured
as a 'Master' and then 'Slave' in turn.
The use of relay stations each equipped with two WLAN modules
simultaneously solves the problem of the "hidden station", by which
the MAC addresses of the WLAN clients are not transferred over mul-
tiple stations.
5.3.7 Security for point-to-point connections
IEEE 802.11i can be used to attain a significant increase in the security of
WLAN point-to-point connections. All of the advantages of 802.11i such as
the simple configuration and the powerful encryption with AES are thus avai-
lable for P2P mode, as are the improved security of the passphrase from the
LANCOM Enhance Passphrase Security (LEPS).
DUAL RADIO AP ANTENNA
BUILDING
ANTENNA DUAL RADIO AP ANTENNA
BUILDING
ANTENNA
WLAN Router ANTENNE
BUILDING
LAPTOP/W-LAN
MasterSlaveMaster Slave
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Encryption with 802.11i/WPA
To activate the 802.11i encryption for a correctly configured P2P connection,
adjust the settings for the first logical WLAN network in the appropriate
WLAN interface (i.e. WLAN-1 if you are using the first WLAN module for the
P2P connection, WLAN-2 if you are using the second module, e.g. as with an
access point with two WLAN modules).
Activate the 802.11i encryption.
Select the method '802.11i (WPA)-PSK'.
Enter the passphrase to be used.
The passphrases should consist of a random string at least 22 charac-
ters long, corresponding to a cryptographic strength of 128 bits.
When set as P2P Master, the passphrase entered here will be used to check
the Slave's authorization to access. When set as P2P Slave, the access point
transfers this information to register with the remote site.
For configuration with LANconfig you will find the encryption settings under
the configuration area 'Wireless LAN' on the '802.11i/WEP' tab.
LEPS for P2P connections
A further gain in security can be attained by additionally using LANCOM
Enhanced Passphrase Security (LEPS) which involves the matching of MAC
address and passphrase.
LEPS can be used to secure single point-to-point (P2P) connections with an
individual passphrase. Even if an access point in a P2P installation is stolen
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and the passphrase and MAC address become known, all other WLAN con-
nections secured by LEPS remain secure.
When using LANconfig for the configuration, you enter the passphrases of the
stations approved for the WLAN in the configuration area 'Wireless LAN' on
the 'Stations' tab under the button Stations.
5.4 Client mode
To connect individual devices with an Ethernet interface into a wireless LAN,
LANCOM devices with a WLAN module can be switched to "client mode",
whereupon they act as conventional wireless LAN adapters and not as access
points (AP). The use of client mode therefore allows devices fitted with only
an Ethernet interface, such as PCs and printers, to be integrated into a wire-
less LAN.
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Multiple WLAN clients can register with a WLAN device in AP mode,
which is not the case for a WLAN device in client mode.
5.4.1 Client settings
For LANCOM Access Points and LANCOM Wireless Routers in client mode,
further settings/client behavior can be configured from the 'Client mode' tab
under the settings for the physical interfaces.
The configuration of the client settings can also be carried out with
the WLAN Wizards in LANconfig.
To edit the settings for client mode in LANconfig, go to the 'Client mode'
tab under the physical WLAN settings for the desired WLAN interface.
ACCESS POINT
LAPTOP/W-LAN
PRINTER
SERVER
LAN
ACCESS POINT
ACCESS POINT PC
WLAN device
in AP mode
WLAN device
in client mode
WLAN device
in client mode
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In 'Scan bands', define whether the client station scans just the 2.4 GHz,
just the 5 GHz, or all of the available bands to locate an access point.
5.4.2 Set the SSID of the available networks
In the WLAN clients, the SSIDs of the networks to which the client stations are
to connect must be entered.
To enter the SSIDs, change to the 'General' tab under LANconfig in the
'Wireless LAN' configuration area. In the 'Interfaces' section, select the
first WLAN interface from the list of logical WLAN settings.
Enable the WLAN network and enter the SSID of the network the client
station should log onto.
5.4.3 Encryption settings
For access to a WLAN, the appropriate encryption methods and key must be
set in the client station.
To enter the key, change to the '802.11i/WEP' tab under LANconfig in the
'Wireless LAN' configuration area. From 'WPA / private WEP settings',
select the first WLAN interface from the list of logical WLAN settings.
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can gather information on other available access points prior to the connec-
tion being lost. In this case the client is not switched to another access point
once the existing connection has been lost completely, but rather when ano-
ther access point within its range has a stronger signal.
To enable soft roaming in WEBconfig or telnet, change to Setup > Inter-
faces > WLAN > Roaming and select the physical WLAN interface.
Enable soft roaming and, if required, set the other parameters (such as
threshold levels and signal level).
To configure background scanning in LANconfig, go to the 'Radio' tab
under the physical WLAN settings for the desired WLAN interface.
Enter the background scan interval as the time in which the LANCOM
Wireless Router cyclically searches the currently unused frequencies of the
active band for available access points. To achieve fast roaming the scan
time is set, for example, to 260 seconds (2.4 GHz) or 720 seconds (5 GHz).
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6 Setting up Internet access
The LANCOM provides a central point of Internet access for all of the compu-
ters in the LAN. For models not equipped with a WAN connector, a LAN inter-
face is configured as a DSLoL connector and is connected to a compatible
ADSL modem.
Does the Setup Wizard know your Internet provider?
The Wizard is preset with access data for the principal Internet providers in
your country and offers you a selection list. If you find your Internet provider
in this list, then you generally do not have to enter any additional parameters
to set up your Internet access. All that is required is the authentication data
as supplied to you by your Internet provider.
Internet provider unknown
If the list in the Setup Wizard does not contain your provider, you will be asked
step- by- step for all of the necessary data. This access data will have been sup-
plied to you by your Internet provider.
Other connection options
In addition you can use the Wizard to activate or deactivate additional options
(if supported by your Internet provider):
Billing by time or flatrate – select the method by which you are billed by
your Internet provider.
In case of billing by time, you can set the LANCOM to cut connections
automatically if no data flows for a certain time (the hold time).
You can also set up line polling that detects inactive remote sites very
quickly and, in such cases, can close the connection before the hold
time expires.
INTERNET
HEADQUARTER
SERVER LAN GATEWAYROUTER
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In case of flatrate billing you can also set up line polling to monitor
the function of the remote site.
Apart from that you can opt to keep flatrate connections permanently
active ("keep-alive"). In case a connection should fail, it is re-estab-
lished automatically.
6.1 The Internet Connection Wizard
6.1.1 Instructions for LANconfig
Mark your device in the selection window. From the command line, select
Extras Setup Wizard.
In the selection menu, select the Setup Wizard, Set up Internet connec-
tion and confirm the selection with Next.
In the following windows you select your country, your Internet provider
if possible, and you enter your access data.
Depending on availability the Wizard provides further options for your
Internet connection.
The Wizard will inform you as soon as the entries are complete. Close the
configuration with Finish.
LANconfig: Fast starting of the Setup
Wizards
The fastest way of starting the Setup Wizards
under LANconfig is to use the command button
in the button bar.
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6.1.2 Instructions for WEBconfig
Select the entry Set up Internet connection from the main menu.
In the following windows you select your country, your Internet provider
if possible, and you enter your access data.
Depending on availability the Wizard provides further options for your
Internet connection.
The wizard will inform you as soon as the entries are complete. Close the
configuration with Finish.
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7 Options and accessories
Your LANCOM device has numerous extensibilities and the possibility to use a
broad choice of LANCOM accessories. You find in this chapter information
about the available accessories and how to use them with your base station.
The range of the base station can be increased by optional antennas of
the AirLancer series and can be adapted to special conditions of environs.
With the LANCOM Public Spot Option option it is possible to extend the
LANCOM for additional billing and accounting functions in order to
upgrade it to a Wireless Public Spot.
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7.1 Optional AirLancer Extender antennas
AirLancer Extender antennas are capable of extending the operating range of
the devices, or of adapting access point coverage to local conditions. An over-
view of the supported antennas is available from the LANCOM Web site under
www.lancom.eu.
You will also find further information on calculating the best configu-
ration for AirLancer Extender antennas and third-party antennas that
you wish to connect to the device in the LANCOM Antenna Calculator,
which can be downloaded from our Web site at www.lancom.eu.
When assembling separately purchased mobile radio antennas please
note that the maximum allowed transmission power of the wireless
LAN according to EIRP in the country in question may not be excee-
ded. The system operator is responsible for adhering to the threshold
values.
For internal lightning protection, the surge adapter AirLancer
Extender SA-5L is always necessary—the AirLancer Extender SA-5L
is mounted between the Access Point and the antenna, as close to the
antenna as is possible.
Antennas are only to be attached or changed when the device is swit-
ched off. Mounting or demounting antennas while the device swit-
ched on may cause the destruction of the WLAN module!
7.1.1 Antenna diversity
The transmission of radio signals can suffer from significant signal losses
because of reflection and scatter, among other reasons. In some areas, the
interaction with the reflected radio waves can cause a drop in signal strength,
or even cause it to be cancelled out completely. Transmission quality can be
improved with so-called "diversity" methods. The principle of "diversity"
methods relies on the fact that a transmitted signal is often received multiple
times (generally twice).
Each wireless LAN module is equipped with two send/receive units, each of
which can be connected to an antenna. In the case of antenna diversity, the
WLAN module checks which send/receive unit (antenna) is receiving the
strongest signal from a client. Only the stonger signal is used. The Access
Point stores the information on which send/receive unit was used to receive
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data and proceeds to use the same unit for the transmission to the client.
Antenna diversity ensures that the various clients associated with the Access
Point always use the send/receive unit with the best signal.
7.1.2 Polarization diversity
Other diversity techniques process the two signals and combine them into a
single signal. The most common methods are space diversity and polarization
diversity. LANCOM Systems supplies various polarization diversity antennas
for connection to LANCOM devices. With these models, two orthogonally
polarized signals are received at a transmitter/receiver unit and combined to
form a single signal which is stronger than the two individual signals. This
improvement is the polarization gain.
7.1.3 MIMO
MIMO also uses polarization antennas which can process two orthogonally
polarized signals. Different to polarization diversity, MIMO uses each of these
signal to transport a separate data stream and acheive twice the data
throughput.
7.1.4 Installing the AirLancer Extender antennas
Not for LANCOM L-
320agn Wireless
The following diversity antennas are available as accessories for the L-32x
Access Points:
AirLancer Extender O-D80g (2.4 GHz band ), item no. 61221
AirLancer Extender O-D60a (5 GHz), item no. 61222
AirLancer Extender O-D9a (5 GHz), item no. 61224
Before mounting external antennas, please observe the information
on lightning protection in the LANCOM Outdoor Wireless Guide (sup-
plied or available as a download from www.lancom.eu). Mounting
antennas without adequate lightning protection could lead to serious
damage to the access point and the network infrastructure connected
to it.
To install an optional AirLancer antenna, switch the device off by unplugging
the power cable. Now carefully unplug the three diversity antennas from the
back by unscrewing them. Connect the AirLancer antennas to the antenna
connectors marked 'ANT 1' and 'ANT 2'. With a LANCOM L-322agn dual
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Wireless, 1 + 3 are always used. External antennas cannot be connected to
Antenna 2.
LANCOM L-321agn
Wireless
LANCOM L-322agn
dual Wireless
Please note the following when connecting antennas:
Antenna connector 1 must always be used. Depending on the
model, mounting and cabling, the second antenna may be connec-
ted either to connector 2 or connector 3.
The configuration of the device software must agree with the actual
antenna connections.
Reset
ETH
Config (COM)
WPS
Ant 1 Ant 2 Ant 3
Reset
ETH 2 ETH 1
Config (COM)
WLAN 2 - Ant 3 WLAN 1 - Aux WLAN 2 - Ant 2 internal WLAN 2 - Ant 1 WLAN 1 - Main
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 7: Options and accessories
86
EN
7.2 LANCOM Public Spot Option
Wireless Public Spots are publicly accessible areas where users can use their
own mobile computers to access a wireless network (such as a company net-
work or the Internet).
Wireless LAN technology is ideal for offering wireless Internet services to the
public in locations such as airports, railway stations, restaurants or cafes via
so-called HotSpots. The LANCOM Public Spot Option is intended for operators
of public wireless networks. It enables the easy installation and maintenance
of public HotSpots by providing LANCOM Access Points and LANCOM Routers
with additional functions for authentication and billing for public Internet ser-
vices.
Authentication and billing for individual users is implemented with user-
friendly Web pages, enabling client PCs with a WiFi-certified wireless card
(el.g. AirLancer) and standard Internet browser to go directly online.
The LANCOM Public Spot Option is the ideal solution for public wireless LAN.
Wireless LAN are very well suited for company networks and for wireless net-
working in the home. However, for public access services the standard setup
lacks important mechanisms for authentication and billing of individual users
(AAA — authentication, authorization, accounting). This is remedied by the
LANCOM Systems Open User Authentication (OUA), the core component of
the LANCOM Public Spot Option. OUA implements the authentication of all
wireless clients by user name and password. It checks the authorization of
each user with a RADIUS server. Accounting data (online time, volumes) on a
per user and per session basis can be passed on to the central RADIUS server.
All the client PC needs is a wireless card (el.g. AirLancer), TCP/IP, and an Inter-
net browser. No further software is required. The Public Spot Option is opti-
mally suited for setting up wireless Internet access services in hotels,
Please note that operating a L-32x Access Point with the LANCOM
Public Spot Option (also referred to as a HotSpot) can be subject to
legal regulation in your country. Before installing a L-32x Access
Point, please inform yourself about any applicable regulations.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 8: Advice & assistance
88
EN
8 Advice & assistance
See this chapter for first-aid assistance if some of the typical problems should
occur.
8.1 No WAN connection can be established
After starting, the router attempts automatically to connect to the Internet
provider. During this phase, the Internet-connection status LED blinks green.
If successful, this LED switches to constant green. If contact cannot be made,
the WAN LED does not illuminate. This is generally due to one of the following
causes:
Problems with the cabling?
For the DSL connection, use only the connector cable supplied. This cable
must be connected to the Ethernet connector of the DSL modem The LED for
the WAN connection must illuminate in green to show that it is physically con-
nected.
Is the correct transmission protocol selected?
The transmission protocol is defined with the basic settings. The Basic Settings
Wizard actually sets the correct protocol for a wide variety of DSL providers. If
your DSL provider is unknown to the Wizard you have to set the protocol
yourself. The protocol specified by your DSL provider should work without pro-
blem.
You can check and adjust your protocol settings under:
LANconfig: Communication General Communication layers
WEBconfig: LCOS Menu Tree Setup WAN module Layer list
8.2 Slow DSL transmission
The speed of data transmission over an (Internet) DSL connection depends on
a number of factors, most of which are beyond the influence of normal users.
Along with bandwidth of your provider's connection, of decisive importance
is the provider's Internet connection and the load on the target Web page.
Several other factors in the Internet itself can also influence the transmission
speeds.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 8: Advice & assistance
89
EN
Increasing the TCP/IP window size under Windows
If the actual transmission speed over a DSL connection is significantly lower
than the maximum specified by the DSL provider, there are very few potential
error sources with your own equipment.
A typical problem arises when a Windows PC simultaneously sends and recei-
ves large quantities of data over an asynchronous connection. This situation
can severly impact download speeds. The cause of this is the RCP/IP receive
windows size as defined in the Windows operating system. The default value
is too small for asynchronous connections.
Instructions for increasing the windows size are available in the Knowledge-
Base in the Support area of the LANCOM Systems Web site (www.lancom.eu).
8.3 Unwanted connections under Windows XP
When booting, Windows XP computers attempt to update the time by acces-
sing a time server in the Internet. For this reason, Windows XP computers
booting in the WLAN cause the LANCOM to connect to the Internet.
To prevent Windows XP computers from automatically synchronising the time,
right-click on the time Change time/date Internet time off.
Produktspecifikationer
| Varumärke: | Lancom |
| Kategori: | Övrigt - Övrigt |
| Modell: | L-321agn Wireless |
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