Yaesu FT-991 Bruksanvisning
Yaesu
Amatörradiooperatör
FT-991
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HF/VHF/UHF All Mode TrAnsceiVer
FT-991
operATing MAnUAl
YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD.
Tennozu Parkside Building
2-5-8 Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0002 Japan
YAESU USA
6125 Phyllis Drive, Cypress, CA 90630, U.S.A.
YAESU UK
Unit 12, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close
Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 0LB, U.K.
About this MAnuAl . . .
The FT-991 is a leading-edge transceiver with a number of new and exciting features, some of which may be unfamiliar
to you. In order to gain the most enjoyment and operating efciency from your FT-991, we recommend that you read
this manual in its entirety, and keep it handy for reference as you explore the many capabilities of your new transceiver.
Before using your FT-991, be sure to read and follow the instructions in the “Before You Begin” section of this manual.
About TFT Displays
FT-991 utilizes a TFT liquid-crystal display.
• Although TFT liquid-crystal displays are made using very precise technology, they are prone to develop
dead pixels (dark dot) or pixels that are always on (bright dot). Please understand that such phenomena
do not constitute product defects or malfunctions. Rather, this phenomena occurs due to limitations in the
manufacturing technology with respect to TFT liquid-crystal displays.
• Depending on the viewing angle, unevenness in color or brightness may occur. Please note that any uneven-
ness observed is inherent to the construction of TFT liquid crystal displays and therefore does not constitute
a product defect or malfunction.
• If your TFT liquid-crystal display becomes dirty, please use a dry soft cloth or tissue to wipe the display
clean. Use of glass cleaner, household cleaners, organic solvents, alcohol, abrasives, and/or like substance
may damage the TFT liquid-crystal display.
Page 1
FT-991 OperaTing Manual
General Description
Built-in high-brightness TFT full-color
display with touch-panel functionality
The FT-991 is equipped with a 3.5 inch full-color TFT
display. Functions, including the receiving band, the noise
and signal interference reduction tools are graphically
displayed. Even while performing rigorous operations,
during DX pditions or contests, the operator may instantly
grasp the status of each function.
Equipped with C4FM digital mode
This transceiver C4FM mode provides good error cor-
rection performance, and supports the V/D mode (voice/
data simultaneous transmission mode) which makes the
transceiver suitable for mobile communication, and the
Voice FR mode (voice full rate mode) which allows the
transceiver to transmit high quality digital audio. The AMS
function recognizes the contacting stations transmission
method and automatically switches the transceiver to the
same C4FM digital or analog (FM) communications mode
as the received signal.
GM (Group Monitor) function allows
registering frequently communicating
stations to a memory group. The group
members may then automatically
exchange (send/receive) station location
information.
The transceiver automatically checks the channel fre-
quency for registered member stations that are within com-
municating range. The distance and direction information
of the call sign members of the group may be shown on
the TFT display.
Comes equipped with two types of
roong lters
This transceiver is equipped with two types of roong
lters for 3kHz and 15kHz bandwidths. These narrow band
lters are especially useful on a very crowded band during
contests, because they can dramatically attenuate powerful
out-of-band signals in the rst IF stage and reduce their
impact in the second stage to further optimizing the excel-
lent dynamic range and IP3 characteristics for processing
signals ranging from faint to powerful.
Two selectable RF ampliers provide the
optimal receiver gain for each low-to high
HF band (see page 46.)
Congure the front end RF circuitry for the precise gain and
performance to suit the conditions of each HF band.Select
the IPO (Intercept Point Optimization) feature to optimize
the proximal multi-signal and mutual modulation character-
istics in order to minimize the effects of powerful broadcast
stations, especially in the low-band so that even the faintest
signals can be received. When higher gain is advantageous,
select the single low noise RF amplier AMP1. In the high
bands, adding AMP2 provides maximum useful gain.
High stability built-in TCXO
The 30.225 MHz standard oscillator provides exceptional
frequency stability. It is temperature compensated and
boasts an enhanced ±0.5 ppm stability from −10°C to
+50°C.
WIDTH feature and continuously variable
bandwidth SHIFT feature. Optimal wide to
narrow bandwidth switching (see pages
49, 50.)
The SHIFT feature, can eliminate interference in one side
of the passband. The WIDTH feature allows the bandwidth
to be narrowed by rotating the WIDTH knob. The moment
weak signals disappear due to interfering signals (includ-
ing pile-ups), you can eliminate the interfering signals and
extract only the desired signal, thanks to the unique DSP
sharp ltering characteristic.
CONTOUR feature is renowned for
effective noise control (see page 48.)
Rather than using the DSP extremely sharp attenuation
characteristics, the CONTOUR circuit provides gentle
shaping of the DSP passband lter and can thus attenuate
or peak bandwidth components in segments. The interfer-
ing signal can be naturally shaped without having part of
the signal suddenly interrupted. The contour function is
very effective in making the desired signal rise out of the
interference.
DNR (Digital Noise Reduction) by DSP
digital processing (see page 54.)
The incorporated digital noise reduction circuit may be
set to the optimal working point by varying the 15 step
parameters according to the noise type.
NOTCH feature that significantly
eliminates unwanted beat signals; and
DNF feature that instantly attenuates
multiple beat signals (see page 54.)
When interfering beat signals are present in the receiver
passband, the IF NOTCH feature can signicantly elimi-
nate a part of the passband and remove the beat signal.
Moreover, the function is equipped with an Automatic
Tracking System DNF (Digital Notch Filter) that can
be engaged by DSP when there are multiple interfering
signals, even when the frequency is changing.
Reliable High-output Final Amplifier
Stage
In the HF/50MHz frequency range, a pair of RD100HHF1
transistors in a push-pull RF amplier arrangement deliv-
ers 100 watts of low-distortion, high-quality transmitter
power. The nal amplier for the 144 MHz/430 MHz
bands uses the high-output RDH70HUF2 device, provid-
ing ample output power of 50 watts.
Page 2 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
General Description
Microphone Amplifier that includes
Parametric Equalizer (see page 63.)
The microphone amplier equalizer feature is equipped
with a three-stage parametric equalizer that can alter the
Low, Mid, and High frequencies of the audio separately;
this feature permits the bandwidth and gain for each part of
the audio spectrum to be precisely adjusted independently.
High Speed Spectrum Scope (see page
40.)
The spectrum scope function provides a visual display of
the intensity and distribution of signals across the band .
When using the ASC (Automatic Spectrum-Scope Con-
trol) mode, the scope spectrum is automatically swept in
response to the movement of the main tuning dial; the
scanned spectrum signal distribution can be observed in
real-time.
High speed antenna tuner (see page
61.)
The transceiver is equipped with the relay switching high
speed digital tuner which supports 1.8 MHz to 50 MHz.
The large 100-channel tuning data memory allows im-
mediate recall of the optimum matching conditions for
previously tuned frequencies.
Optional Five Channel Message Memory
(voice memory) (see page 68.)
You can use the 5 channel voice memory function which
is useful for operating in contests, etc. This voice memory
enables recording of up to 20 seconds of audio for each
message you want to send.
Custom selection (C.S) button (see page
37.)
This feature lets you select any Menu item for one-touch
access via the C.S button.
Page 8 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
before You beGin
AdjuSting the clock
Use the following procedure to adjust the clock shown at the top right of the LCD display.
1. Press and hold the MENU(SETUP) button.
2. Touch [TIME/DATE] on the LCD.
MENU(SETUP) button
LCD
3. Enter the present time with the number keys on the
LCD, then touch [ENT].
4. Touch
[DATE] on the LCD to switch the screen.
5. Enter month, day, and year with the number keys on
the LCD, then touch [ENT].
6. Touch
[BACK] on the LCD to return to the setup
mode display.
7. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to return to the
radio operation display.
[TIME]
Sets the time display. Touching this button toggles be-
tween UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) and the local
time. When UTC is displayed, “Z” appears on the right
side of the time.
[DATE]
Sets the date display. Touching this button toggles be-
tween MM/DD/YYYY and YYYY/MM/DD.
[DST]
Touching this button switches daylight saving time be-
tween ON and OFF. When daylight saving time is set to
on, “D” appears on the right side of the time.
Page 11
FT-991 OperaTing Manual
AntennA conSiderAtionS
The FT-991 is designed for use with any antenna system providing a 50 Ohm resistive impedance at the desired oper-
ating frequency. While minor excursions from the 50-Ohm specication are of no consequence, if the Standing Wave
Ratio (SWR) present at the Antenna jack is greater than 3:1, the transceiver’s Automatic Antenna Tuner may not be able
to reduce the impedance mismatch to an acceptable value.
Every effort should be made to ensure that the impedance of the antenna system be as close as possible to the specied
50-Ohm value. Note that the “G5RV” type antenna does not provide a 50-Ohm impedance on all HF Amateur bands. An
external wide-range antenna coupler must be used with this antenna type.
Any antenna to be used with the FT-991 must be fed from the transceiver with 50 Ohm coaxial cable. Therefore, when
using a “balanced” antenna such as a dipole, remember that a balun or other matching/balancing device must be used to
ensure proper antenna performance.
The same precautions apply to any additional (receive-only) antennas connected to the antenna jacks. If the receive only
antennas do not have impedance near 50 Ohms at the operating frequency, It may be necessary to install an external an-
tenna tuner to obtain optimum performance.
About coAxiAl cAble
Use high-quality 50-Ohm coaxial cable for the lead-in to your FT-991 transceiver. All efforts at providing an efcient
antenna system will be wasted if poor quality, lossy coaxial cable is used. This transceiver utilizes standard “M” (“PL-
259”) type connectors.
typicAl pl-259 inStAllAtion
before You beGin
Page 12 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
before You beGin
grounding
The FT-991 transceiver, like any other HF communications apparatus, requires an effective ground system for maxi-
mum electrical safety and best communications effectiveness. A good ground system can contribute to station efciency
in a number of ways:
It can minimize the possibility of electrical shock to the operator.
It can minimize RF currents owing on the shield of the coaxial cable and the chassis of the transceiver. Such cur-
rents may lead to radiation, which can cause interference to home entertainment devices or laboratory test equip-
ment.
It can minimize the possibility of erratic transceiver/accessory operation caused by RF feedback and/or improper
current ow through logic devices.
An effective earth ground system may take several forms. For a more complete discussion, see an appropriate RF engi-
neering text. The information below is intended only as a guideline.
Typically, the ground connection consists of one or more copper-clad steel rods, driven into the ground. If multiple
ground rods are used, they should be positioned in a “V” conguration and bonded together at the base of the “V” which
is nearest the station location. Use a heavy, braided cable (such as the discarded shield from type RG-213 coaxial cable)
and strong cable clamps to secure the braided cable(s) to the ground rods. Be sure to weatherproof the connections
to ensure many years of reliable service. Use the same type of heavy, braided cable for the connections to the station
ground bus (described below).
Inside the station, a common ground bus consisting of a copper pipe of at least 25 mm diameter should be used. An al-
ternative station ground bus may consist of a wide copper plate (single-sided circuit board material is ideal) secured to
the bottom of the operating desk. Grounding connections from individual transceivers, power supplies, and data com-
munications devices (TNCs, etc.) should be made directly to the ground bus using a heavy, braided cable.
Do not “Daisy-Chain” ground connections from one electrical device to another and thence to the ground bus. This
method may nullify any attempt at effective radio frequency grounding. See the drawing below for examples of proper
grounding techniques.
Inspect the ground system - inside the station as well as outside - on a regular basis to ensure continued performance
and safety.
Besides following the above guidelines carefully, note that household or industrial gas lines must never be used in an
attempt to establish an electrical ground. Cold water pipes may, in some instances, help in the grounding effort, but gas
lines represent a signicant explosion hazard, and must never be used.
proper ground connection
GND
Linear
Amplifier
GND
TNC
GND
Transceiver
GND
Transceiver
GND
Linear
Amplifier
GND
TNC
"Daisy Chain"
GND
Linear
Amplifier
GND
TNC
GND
Transceiver
GND
Transceiver
GND
Linear
Amplifier
GND
TNC
"Daisy Chain"
iMproper ground connection
Page 13
FT-991 OperaTing Manual
before You beGin
connection oF AntennA And poWer cAbleS
Please follow the outline in the illustration regarding the proper connection of antenna coaxial cables, as well as the DC
power cable. The DC power connector for the
FT-991
must only be connected to a DC source providing 13.8 Volts DC (±15
%), and capable of at least 23 Amperes of current. Always observe proper polarity when making DC connection:
The RED DC power lead connects to the Positive (+) DC terminal.
The BLACK DC power lead connects to the Negative (–) DC terminal.
We recommend the use of the FP-1030A (USA market only) AC Power Supply. Other models of power supplies may
be used with the FT-991, but the 13.8 VDC input voltage, 23 Ampere current capability, and DC cable polarity guide-
lines described above must be strictly followed.
Note that other manufacturers may use the same type of DC power connections as the FT-991 transceiver; however, the
wiring conguration may be different from that specied for the FT-991 transceiver. Serious damage can be caused if
improper DC connections are made; consult with a qualied service technician when in doubt.
High RF voltage is present in the TX RF section of the transceiver while transmitting.
Absolutely! Do not touch the TX RF section while transmitting.
Permanent damage can result when improper supply voltage, or reverse-polarity voltage, is applied to the FT-
991. The Limited Warranty on this transceiver does not cover damage caused by application of AC voltage, re-
verse polarity DC, or DC voltage outside the specied range of 13.8 V ±15 %. When replacing fuses, be certain
to use a fuse of the proper rating. The FT-991 requires a 25 Amp blade fuse.
note:
Do not place the FT-991 in a location with direct exposure to sunshine.
Do not place the FT-991 in a location exposed to dust and/or high humidity.
Ensure adequate ventilation around the FT-991, to prevent heat build-up and possible reduction of performance due
to high heat.
Do not install the FT-991 on an unstable desk or table. Do not place it in a location where objects may fall onto it
from above.
To minimize the possibility of interference to home entertainment devices, take all precautionary steps including
separation of TV/FM antennas from Amateur transmitting antennas to the greatest extent possible, and keep trans-
mitting coaxial cables separated from cables connected to home entertainment devices.
Ensure that the DC power cord is not subject to undue stress or bending, which could damage the cable or cause it to
be accidentally unplugged from the rear panel DC IN jack.
Be certain to install your transmitting antenna(s) so they cannot possibly come in contact with TV/FM radio or other
antennas, or with power or telephone lines.
Check the DC volt-
age and current
rating (+13.8 V, 23 A) of the
power supply before con-
necting to the transceiver.
To prevent damage from
lightning, atmospheric elec-
tricity, electrical shock etc., please
provide a good earth ground.
Use a short,
thick, braided
cable to con-
nect your station
equipment to the
buried ground rod (or alternative earth
ground system).
Page 14 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
connection oF Microphone, heAdphone And reMote control keypAd
Lightweight Stereo
Headphone
YH-77STA
DOWN
UP
+5V
MIC GND
MIC
PTT
GND
FAST
note:
Make sure to turn off the power of the transceiver before connecting or disconnecting the microphone.
Remote Control Keypad
FH-2
installation anD interconnections
If the FH-2 plug is removed from the jack
while the FT-991 is in operation, the FT-991
may be switched to the transmit mode.
Turn off the power of the FT-991 before connecting or
disconnecting the FH-2.
Page 16 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
vl-1000 lineAr AMpliFier interconnectionS
Be sure that both the FT-991 and VL-1000 are turned off, and then follow the installation recommendations contained
in the illustration.
note:
Refer to the VL-1000 Operating Manual for details regarding amplier operation.
Do not attempt to connect or disconnect coaxial cables when your hands are wet.
Set the Menu item “143 TUNER SELECT” to “LAMP”.
Since the ALC cable is connected to the REM/ALC jack, the optional FH-2 cannot be connected.
DC 13.8 V
CT-58 ALC Cable (Option)
CT-58 Band Data Cable (Option)
144/430MHz Antenna HF/50MHz Antenna
Coaxial Cable (50Ω)
Connect to “INPUT 1” of the VL-1000
INPUT
BAND-DATA 1
ALC 1
TUN/LIN
REM/ALC
GND
GND
VP-1000
VP-1000 CONTROL
DC 48V IN
ANT 1
ANT 2
ANT 3
INPUT 1
ANT
144/430MHz
ANT
HF/50MHz
To link the FT-991 and VL-
1000 Power switches, set the
VL-1000 REMOTE switch to
the “ON” position.
Set the front panel’s
INPUT switch to the
“INPUT1”.
installation anD interconnections
Page 17
FT-991 OperaTing Manual
installation anD interconnections
plug/connector pinout diAgrAMS
MIC GPS/CAT
DOWN
UP
+5V
MIC GND
MIC
PTT
GND
FAST
① DCD
② SERIAL OUT/RXD
（GPS DATA IN）
③ SERIAL IN
④ DTR
⑤ GND
⑥ DSR
⑦ RTS
⑧ CTS
⑨ RI
①②③④⑤
⑧⑨ ⑦ ⑥
(as viewed from front panel) (as viewed from rear panel)
RTTY/DATA TUN/LIN
① DATA IN
② GND
③ PTT
④ SHIFT
⑤ DATA OUT
⑥ SQL
① ②
③ ④
⑤⑥
+13V OUT
TX GND
GND
TX D (BAND A)
RX D (BAND B)
BAND C
RESET (BAND D)
TX INH
(as viewed from rear panel) (as viewed from rear panel)
DC IN KEY
Manipulator Single key/Double-speed key
DOT KEY GNDDASH COMMON
(as viewed from rear panel)
Do not use
2-conductor type plug
EXT SPKR PHONE
SIGNAL GND
SIGNAL (LEFT)
SIGNAL (RIGHT)
GND
REM/ALC
EXT ALC
TX REQ
GND REMOTE
NC
GND
Page 19
FT-991 OperaTing Manual
front panel controls & switches
F(M-LIST) Button
Press the button briey to display the function menu
screen where the operation settings for a variety of
functions may be congured.
Press this button again to close the function menu
screen.
Press and hold this button for more than one second
to display the menu list screen where the memory
channel data may be reviewed.
m While displaying the memory data, rotate the
[MULTI] knob to review all data in memory
channels.
Press this button again to close the memory list
screen.
MENU(SETUP) Button
Press this button briey to display the menu mode
screen (see page 120) where you can set a variety
of functions.
Press this button again (or touch [BACK] on the
touch panel) to close the menu mode screen.
Press and hold this button for more than 1 second to
display the setup screen where you can congure the
following settings.
• MY CALL: Setting the call sign (see page 9)
• LAT/LON: Setting longitude/latitude (see page
112)
• TIME/DATE: Setting date and time (see page
8)
• CW TEXT: Entering CW TEXT (see page 87)
Press this button again to close the setup screen.
BAND Button
Switch the operation band (operation frequency
band). Press this button to display the operation band
selection screen, then touch and select the desired
band.
MODE Button
Switch the radio modulation form (operating mode).
Press this button to display the radio modulation
form selection screen, then touch and select your de-
sired modulation form.
MULTI Knob
Adjust transmit output, microphone gain and opera-
tions of other functions (see page 22).
Page 25
FT-991 OperaTing Manual
rear panel
GND
Use this terminal to connect the transceiver to a good
earth ground, for safety and optimum performance.
Use a large diameter, short braided cable to make
the ground connections. For details on grounding the
transceiver, see “Grounding” on page 12.
ANT Jack (144/430MHz)
This is the M-type coaxial connector for the 144
MHz band and 430 MHz band antennas (50 ohms).
RTTY/DATA Jack
This is the input/output jack to connect a terminal
unit for RTTY and TNC for packet communications.
① DATA IN
② GND
③ PTT
④ SHIFT
⑤ DATA OUT
⑥ SQL
① ②
③ ④
⑤⑥
TUN/LIN Jack
Connect the optional external antenna tuner “FC-40”
or the linear amplier “VL-1000”.
+13V OUT
TX GND
GND
TX D (BAND A)
RX D (BAND B)
BAND C
RESET (BAND D)
TX INH
GPS/CAT Jack
This is the RS-232C jack for connecting a computer
or a commercially available external GPS device.
Connecting a computer to this jack, using a com-
mercially available RS-232C straight cable, enables
CAT control of the transceiver.
① DCD
② SERIAL OUT/RXD
（GPS DATA IN）
③ SERIAL IN
④ DTR
⑤ GND
⑥ DSR
⑦ RTS
⑧ CTS
⑨ RI
①②③④⑤
⑧⑨ ⑦ ⑥
DC IN Jack
This is the DC power supply connection for the
transceiver. Use the supplied DC cable to connect di-
rectly to a DC power supply, which must be capable
of supplying at least 23 A @13.8 VDC.
43
2
1
57 8
6
9
11
10
Page 27
FT-991 OperaTing Manual
Mh-31a8J Microphone switches
PTT Switch
Switches transmission/reception.
Press to transmit and release to receive.
DWN Button
Press the DWN (Down) button to scan the frequency
downward.
FST Button
Allows switching the frequency variation (step),
working in the same way as the FAST button on the
transceiver front panel.
UP Button
Press the UP button to scan the frequency upward.
Microphone
Speak into the microphone in a normal tone of voice
with the microphone 5 cm away from the mouth.
TONE Switch
Switches transmission sound quality.
Slide to the “1” side to make the transmit audio at.
Slide to the “2” side to emphasize transmit audio.
4
32
1
5
6
Page 30 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
Before turning on the main power, please verify the following items once more.
Have you made all ground connections securely? See page 12 for details.
Do you have your antenna(s) connected to the rear-panel Antenna jack(s)? See page 13 for details.
Is your microphone (and/or key or paddle) connected? See pages 14, 15 for details.
Ifusingalinearamplier,haveallinterconnectionsbeensuccessfullycompleted?Seepages16fordetails.
Please rotate the AF GAINcontroltothefullycounter-clockwiseposition,toavoidaloudblastofaudiowhenthe
transceiver turns on. See page 21 for details.
basic operation: receivinG on aMateur banDs
Page 33FT-991 OperaTing Manual
operAtion on 60-Meter (5 Mhz) bAnd (u.S. And u.k. verSion only)
Therecently-released60-meterbandiscovered,intheFT-991,byxedmemorychannels.Thesechannelsaresetto
USBorCW,andtheyappearbetweenthe“last”PMSchannel(“P9U”)andtherst“regular”memorychannel(Channel
1):
1. Press the V/M buttononce toenterthe“Memory”
mode; the “MEM”iconwillappearinthedisplay.
2. Touch
[MCH] on the screen displayed by pressing
the F(M-LIST) button.The “MCH” notation and a
memorychannelnumber willappearon thedisplay
to signify that rotation of the MULTIknobwillallow
selection of the memory channel.
CLAR/VFO-B Knob
V/M Button
Main Tuning Dial Knob
3. Memory channels (“5-01”through“5-10”)are
pre-programmed, at the factory, with the permitted
frequenciesinthe5MHzband,andtheUSBorCW
mode is automatically selected on these channels.
4. Toexitfrom60-meteroperationandreturntothe
VFOmode,justpresstheV/Mbutton.
note:
Thefrequenciesand operatingmodefor 5 MHzband
operationarexed,andmaynotbechanged.
chAnnel
nuMber
5-01
5-02
5-03
5-04
5-05
5-06
5-07
5-08
5-09
5-10
5.332000 MHz (SSB)
5.348000 MHz (SSB)
5.358500 MHz (SSB)
5.373000 MHz (SSB)
5.405000 MHz (SSB)
5.332000 MHz (CW)
5.348000 MHz (CW)
5.358500 MHz (CW)
5.373000 MHz (CW)
5.405000 MHz (CW)
Frequency
basic operation: receivinG on aMateur banDs
Page 41FT-991 OperaTing Manual
convenience features
Sweep Mode
Threesweepmodesareavailableforthescopefunctionasdescribedbelow.
MANUAL Mode
Touch [SWEEP]ontheLCDtosweepacrossthebandonetime,anddisplaybandconditions.
Continuous Sweeping Mode
Touch and hold [SWEEP]ontheLCDtomutethereceiverbeginthecontinuoussweepoperation.Thespectrum
scope will start sweeping the band segment continuously. While rotating the main dial, you can continuously
monitorthebandcondition.
To stop sweeping, touch [SWEEP]ontheLCDagain.
ASC (Automatic Spectrum-Scope Control) Mode
Quickly rotate the main dial to mute the reception sound. The spectrum scope will automatically start sweeping
andcontinuesweepinguntilyoucompletelystoprotatingthemaindial.Whileobservingthedisplay,movethe
dialclosetothedesiredfrequency.Stopturningthemaindialtostopthespectrumscopecompletely,andthen
youcanhearthereceivedsignal.Nowyoumayslowlyrotatethemaindialtotuneinthereceivedsignalwhile
listeningtothereceiveraudioandthesweepingisdisabled.
YoucanchangetherotationspeedofthemaindialtoswitchtosweepingmotionintheMenuitem“119 ASC
DIAL SPEED”.
Scope
Page 43FT-991 OperaTing Manual
Using the UP/DWN Buttons of the
Supplied MH-31A8J Hand Microphone
The UP/DWNbuttonsonthesuppliedMH-31A8J Hand
Microphonemayalsobeusedtomanuallyscanthefre-
quencyupwardordownward.
In modes other than AM/
FM, the frequency changes
bythesamestepasthemain
dial.
When the microphone FST
buttonispressed,thetuning
rateincreasesbyafactorof
ten, in a manner similar to
the transceiver front panel
FASTbutton.
Thefrequencychange
amount (step size) differs
depending on the preset
modulationformandFSTbuttoncondition.
operAting
Mode up DWN
FST
+
UP
FSt
+
dWn
CW/RTTY/
DATA-LSB/
DATA-USB
+5 Hz −5 Hz +100 Hz −100 Hz
LSB/USB/AM +10 Hz −10 Hz +100 Hz −100 Hz
FM/C4FM/
DATA-FM +5 kHz −5 kHz +50 kHz −50 kHz
convenience features
More Frequency nAvigAtion techniqueS
Page 45FT-991 OperaTing Manual
interference reJection
ATT (AttenuAtor)
Whenthedesiredsignalisextremelystrongorthenoiselevelishighonalowfrequencyband,activatetheattenuatorto
reduce the incoming signal from the antenna.
1. Press the F(M-LIST)button, thentouch[ATT] on
theLCD.The“ATT”indicatorwillappearinthe
DSP display.
Advice:
Theincomingsignallevelisreducedby12dB
(Signal voltage is reduced to 1/4 compared to OFF).
F(M-LIST) Button
Displays ATT
2. To restore full signal strength through the Attenuator
circuit, touch [ATT] on the LCD to return theATT
display to the “OFF”position.
Advice:
Ifthenoiselevelishighorthereceivedsignalisextremelystrong,theincomingsignallevelcanbesuppressedwiththe
IPO/ATT settings.
IftheS-meteructuatesS-3ormoreinthenoiselevel,orthereceivedsignalisextremelystronganditcausesahighS-
meterindication(+20dBormore),activatetheattenuator.
SinceIPOdoesnotonlyattenuatetheincomingsignal,butalsoimprovesthecrossmodulationcharacteristic,trytoac-
tivatetheIPOrst.Ifthesignalisstillstrong,alsousetheATT.Inthisway,youcanattenuatetheincomingsignaland
noise effectively.
Page 48 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
interference reJection
contour control operAtion
TheContourltersystemprovidesagentleperturbationoftheIFlterpassband.TheContourissettoeithersuppress,
orboostspecicfrequencycomponents,andthusenhancesthesoundandreadabilityofareceivedsignal.
1. Press the F(M-LIST) button to display the function
menu list. Touch [CONT]toactivatetheCONTOUR
function and set the MULTIknobastheCONTOUR
adjustmentknob.
2. Touch [CONT] on the TFT display. The Contour
functionwillbesetto“ON”.
MULTI Knob
F(M-LIST) Button
CONT (Contour) indicator
CONT (Contour) level indicator
3. RotatetheMULTIknobtoachievethemostnatural
sounding audio reproduction of the incoming signal.
Advice:
Rotate the MULTI knob to display the Contour
centerfrequency(10Hzto3,200Hz)belowthe
[CONT] indicator.
The level indicator shows the amount of attenua-
tion for your reference.
4. To cancel Contour tuning, touch [CONT] on the
TFT display.
Advice:
TheContourcircuitoperationwillbesetto“OFF”.
Touching [CONT] changes the Contour circuit op-
erationbetween“ON”and“OFF”.
TheContourfunctionattenuationandbandwidthcan
be set in Menu items “114 CONTOUR LEVEL” and
“115 CONTOUR WIDTH”(referto theinstruction
on the right).
RefertoFigure“B”,thisillustratesa“dip”inthe
center of the Contour lter passband. The Con-
tourlterplacesalow-Q“notch”inthepassband,
per the settings of Menu items “114 CONTOUR
LEVEL”and“115 CONTOUR WIDTH”. Counter-
clockwise rotation of the MULTIknobcausesthe
notch to move toward a lower frequency within
thepassband,whileclockwiserotationcausesthe
notchtomovetowardahigherfrequencywithin
thepassband.Byremoving interferenceorun-
wantedfrequency componentsofthe incoming
signal, it is possible to make the desired signal
riseoutofthebackgroundnoise/interference,and
signicantlyenhanceintelligibility.
quick point:
ByjudicioususeoftheContourlter,the“shoulder”ofthepassbandresponsemaybealtered,orcomponentsmaybe
removedfromwithinthepassband,allowingthedesiredsignaltoriseabovethebackgroundnoiseandinterferenceina
mannernotobtainablewithotherlteringsystems.
IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH
MULTI MULTI MULTI
A B C
Page 51FT-991 OperaTing Manual
A B C
Using IF SHIFT and WIDTH Together
TheIF SHIFTandVariable IFWIDTH features
togetherformaveryeffectiveinterference-ght-
inglteringsystem.
For example, in Figure “A”,youcanseehowin-
terferencehasappearedbothonthehighandlow
sides of the desired signal. Touch [WIDTH] on
the LCD, the interference from one side can be
eliminated (Figure “B”).Next,rotatetheMULTI
knobtore-position thepassband(Figure“C”),
the interference on the opposite side can be re-
moved, without re-introducing the interference
previously eliminated in Figure “B”.
Advice:
The WIDTH and SHIFT features are the pri-
marytoolstouseforbestinterferencereduction.
After narrowing the bandwidth (WIDTH) and/
oradjustingthecenterofthepassband(SHIFT),
the Contour control may then yield additional
signal-enhancementbenetson thenetresidual
bandwidth.Evenmore,theIFNOTCHFilter
(describedlater)may alsobe used, inconjunc-
tionwiththese ltersystems, to signicantad-
vantage.
Desired Signal Desired Signal Desired Signal
QRM
QRM
QRM
QRM
QRM
QRM
IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH
interference reJection
Width (iF dSp bAndWidth) tuning (SSb/cW/rtty/dAtA ModeS)
Page 53FT-991 OperaTing Manual
iF notch Filter operAtion (SSb/cW/rtty/dAtA/AM ModeS)
TheIFNOTCHlterisahighlyeffectivesystemthatallowscuttingoutaninterferingbeatnoteorothercarriersignal
frominsidethereceiverpassband.
1. Press the F(MLIST)buttontoshowthefunctions
listed on the TFT display.
2. Touch [NOTCH]ontheTFTdisplay.TheNotch
functionwillbesetto“ON”.
MULTI Knob
F(M-LIST) Button
NOTCH indicator
NOTCH level indicator
3. RotatetheMULTIknobtoadjustthe“null”position
oftheNotchlter.
4. TocanceltheNOTCHlter,touch[NOTCH] on the
TFT display, “OFF” willappear in thedisplay, con-
rmingthattheNOTCHlterisnolongerinopera-
tion.
Advice:
Alternate touches of [NOTCH], will switch the
NOTCHlterbetweenonandoff.
Advice:
The bandwidth of the NOTCH lter (either narrow
orwide)maybeadjustedusingMenuitem“116
IF NOTCH WIDTH”.Thefactorydefaultsettingis
“WIDE”.
TheperformanceoftheIFNOTCHlterisillus-
trated in Figure “A”,wherethedesiredsignaland
the interfering heterodyne are shown within the
IFpassband.InFigure“B”thenotchingeffectof
theIFNOTCHlterisillustratedastheMULTI
knob is rotated to eliminate the interfering het-
erodyne.
A B
Desired Signal Desired Signal
QRM
(Heterodyne)
QRM
(Heterodyne)
IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH
MULTI
interference reJection
Page 55FT-991 OperaTing Manual
tools for coMfortable anD effective reception
rF gAin
TheRFGaincontrolprovides manualadjustmentof thegain levelsforthereceiverRFandIF stages,toaccountfor
noise and signal strength conditions at the moment.
1. The
RF GAIN knob should, initially, be rotated to
the fully clockwise position. This is the point of
maximum receiver sensitivity.
2. Counter-clockwise rotation of the RF GAIN knob
will gradually reduce the system gain.
Advice:
As the RF GAIN knob is rotated counterclockwise
to reduce the gain, the S-meter reading will rise. This
indicatesthat theAGCvoltagebeingapplied tothe
receiver is increasing (this causes a reduction in re-
ceiver gain).
RotatingtheRF GAINknobcontroltothefully
counter-clockwise positionwillessentiallydisable
the receiver, as the gain will be greatly reduced. In
thiscase,theS-meterwillappeartobe“pegged”
against the right edge of the analog S-meter scale.
quick point:
Receptionfrequentlycanbeimprovedbyrotating
the RF GAINknobslightlycounter-clockwisetothe
point where the “stationary” meter indication is set
justaboutthesameastheincomingnoiselevel.This
willreducetheRF gaintond alevelof improved
signal to noise ratio.
TheRFGaincontrol,alongwiththeIPOandtheAt-
tenuator features, all affect the system receiver gain
in different ways. The IPO generally should be the
rstfeatureengagedwhendealingwithahighnoise
level, or a crowded, high-level signal environment.
Also, the IPO generally should be the first feature
engaged,ifthefrequencyislowenoughtoallowthe
preampliertobebypassed.Thereafter,theRFGain
andAttenuatorfeaturesmaybeemployedtoprovide
precise, delicate adjustment of the receiver gain to
fully optimize performance.
RF GAIN Knob
Page 72 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
transMitter convenience features
Monitor (SSb/AM ModeS)
You may listen to the quality of your transmitted signal using the Monitor feature.
1. Touch
[MONI] displayed by pressing the F(M-LIST)
button to reveal the functions list on the TFT LCD
display.
2. Touch [MONI] on the LCD, the Moniter function
will be set to “ON”. The MULTI knob serves as the
MONITOR adjustment knob.
MULTI Knob
F(M-LIST) Button
MONI (Monitor) indicator
MONI (Monitor) level indicator
3. During transmission, rotate the MULTI knob to ad-
just the audio level in the Headphones or speaker.
Clockwise rotation of this knob will increase the vol-
ume level.
4. To switch the Monitor off again, touch [MONI] on
the LCD once more. “OFF” will be displayed, con-
rming that the Monitor function is disengaged.
Advice:
Because the Monitor feature samples the transmit-
ter IF signal, it can be very useful for checking the
adjustment of the Speech Processor or Parametric
Equalizer on SSB, and for checking the general sig-
nal quality on AM.
Page 74 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
Split-Frequency operAtion
A powerful capability of the FT-991 is its exibility in Split Frequency operation using the VFO-A and VFO-B fre-
quency registers. This makes the FT-991 especially useful for high-level DX-peditions. The Split operation capability is
very advanced and easy to use.
1. Rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob to set the desired
RX frequency.
2. Press the A/B button, then rotate the Main Tuning
Dial knob to set the desired split TX frequency.
3. Press the A/B button, then press the SPLIT button.
The VFO-B frequency will be shown in the TFT dis-
play and the LED indicators will appear as below:
VFO-A RX
Indicator: “ON”
(LED glows Green)
VFO-A TX Indicator: “OFF”
(LED Off)
VFO-B RX Indicator: “OFF”
(LED Off)
VFO-B TX
Indicator: “ON” (LED glows Red)
SPLIT Button
TXW Button
A/B Button
During Split operation, the VFO-A register will be used
for reception, while the VFO-B register will be used for
transmission. If you press the SPLIT button once more,
Split operation will be cancelled.
Advice:
During Split operation, pressing the A/ B button will
reverse the contents of VFO-A and VFO-B. Press the
A/B button once more to return to the original fre-
quency alignment.
During Split operation you may listen to the TX fre-
quency temporarily while pressing the TXW button
located on the bottom left of the Main Tuning Dial
knob.
While pressing the TXW button during split opera-
tions, the frequency of transmit on VFO-B can be
changed.
During Split operation it is also possible to set VFO-
A and VFO-B to different Amateur bands if a multi
band antenna is used.
Quick Split Operation
The Quick Split feature allows setting a one-touch offset
of +5 kHz compared to the VFO-A frequency, to be ap-
plied to the transceiver VFO-B (transmit) frequency,
1.
Start with regular transceiver operation on the VFO-A.
VFO-A RX
Indicator: “ON” (LED glows Green)
VFO-A TX
Indicator: “ON” (LED glows Red)
VFO-B RX Indicator: “OFF”
(LED Off)
VFO-B TX Indicator: “OFF”
(LED Off)
2. Press and hold in the SPLIT button for one second
to engage the Quick Split feature, and apply a fre-
quency 5 kHz above the VFO-A frequency to the
VFO-B frequency register.
The VFO conguration will then be:
VFO-A RX
Indicator: “ON” (LED glows Green)
VFO-A TX Indicator: “OFF”
(LED Off)
VFO-B RX Indicator: “OFF”
(LED Off)
VFO-B TX
Indicator: “ON” (LED glows Red)
3. Press and hold in the SPLIT switch for one second
to increment the Sub (VFO-B) offset frequency an-
other +5 kHz.
quick pointS:
The offset of VFO-B from VFO-A is programmed
via the Menu and is set to +5 kHz at the factory.
However, other offsets may be selected using the fol-
lowing procedure:
1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to engage the
Menu mode.
2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item “035
QUICK SPLIT FREQ”.
3. Touch
[SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the
MULT knob to select the desired offset. The avail-
able setting range is –20kHz - +20kHz (factory de-
fault: +5 kHz).
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transMitter convenience features
Page 75
FT-991 OperaTing Manual
4. Touch
[ENTER] button to save the new setting.
6: 616 (
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5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch [BACK]
on the LCD to exit to normal operation.
transMitter convenience features
Split-Frequency operAtion
Page 94 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
fM MoDe operation
tone Squelch operAtion
The “Tone Squelch” may be activated to keep the receiver silent until an incoming signal modulated with a matching
CTCSS tone is received. The receiver squelch will then open in response to the reception of the required tone.
1. Press the MODE button, and then touch the corre-
sponding key on the LCD to select the FM operating
mode. The “FM” icon appears in the display.
2. Set the transceiver to the desired frequency.
3. If CTCSS Tone operation is desired/needed, press
the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [TONE/DCS] on
the LCD to engage the CTCSS mode.
4. Touch [TONE/DCS] on the LCD repeatedly to
choose “CTCSS” from the available choices of
“OFF” “ENC (Tone Encoder)”
“CTCSS (Tone Squelch)”
“DCS (Digital Code Squelch)” “OFF”
ctcSS tone Frequency (Hz)
67.0 69.3 71.9 74.4 77.0 79.7 82.5 85.4
88.5 91.5 94.8 97.4 100.0 103.5 107.2 110.9
114.8 118.8 123.0 127.3 131.8 136.5 141.3 146.2
151.4 156.7 159.8 162.2 165.5 167.9 171.3 173.8
177.3 179.9 183.5 186.2 189.9 192.8 196.6 199.5
203.5 206.5 210.7 218.1 225.7 229.1 233.6 241.8
250.3 254.1 - - - - - -
dcS operAtion
The “DCS” may be activated to keep the receiver silent until an incoming signal modulated with a matching DCS code
is received. The receiver squelch will then open in response to the reception of the required code.
1. Press the MODE button, and then touch the corre-
sponding key on the LCD to select the FM operating
mode. The “FM” icon appears in the display.
2. Set the transceiver to the desired frequency.
3. If DCS operation is desired/needed, press the F(M-
LIST) button, then touch [TONE/DCS] on the LCD
to engage the DCS mode.
4. Touch [TONE/DCS] on the LCD repeatedly to
choose “DCS” from the available choices of
“OFF” “ENC (Tone Encoder)”
“CTCSS (Tone Squelch)”
“DCS (Digital Code Squelch)” “OFF”
5. Touch
[FWD] to switch the screen, and then touch
[TONE]. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the de-
sired CTCSS Tone to be used. A total of 50 standard
CTCSS tones are provided (see the CTCSS Tone
Chart).
5. Touch
[FWD] to switch the screen, and then touch
[DCS]. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the desired
DCS code to be used. A total of 104 DCS codes are
provided (see the DCS Code Chart).
dcS code
023 025 026 031 032 036 043 047
051 053 054 065 071 072 073 074
114 115 116 122 125 131 132 134
143 145 152 155 156 162 165 172
174 205 212 223 225 226 243 244
245 246 251 252 255 261 263 265
266 271 274 306 311 315 325 331
332 343 346 351 356 364 365 371
411 412 413 423 431 432 445 446
452 454 455 462 464 465 466 503
506 516 523 526 532 546 565 606
612 624 627 631 632 654 662 664
703 712 723 731 732 734 743 754
Page 97FT-991 OperaTing Manual
convenient MeMory FunctionS
The FT-991 contains ninety-nine regular memories, labeled “01” through “99”, nine special programmed band edge
memory pairs, labeled “P-1L/P-1U” through “P-9L/P-9U”, and ve QMB (Quick Memory Bank) memories. Each mem-
ory stores various settings, in addition to the VFO-A frequency and mode, but also stores the various settings shown be-
low. By default, the 99 regular memories are contained in one group; however, they can be arranged in up to six separate
groups, if desired.
quick point:
The FT-991 memory channels store the following
data (not just the operating frequency):
VFO-A Frequency
VFO-A Mode
Clarier status and its Offset Frequency
IPO status
Attenuator status
Noise Blanker status
IF SHIFT and WIDTH status
CONTOUR status and its Peak Frequency
DSP Noise Reduction (DNR) status and its
Reduction algorithm selection.
DSP Notch lter (NOTCH) status
NAR bandwidth status
DSP Auto Notch lter (DNF) status
Repeater Shift Direction
CTCSS Tone information (CTCSS Encode,
Decode ON/OFF; Tone Frequency)
DCS information (DCS On/Off, DCS Code)
MeMorY operation
qMb MeMory bAnk
regulAr MeMory chAnnelS pMS MeMory chAnnelS
01
97 P-7L/7U
P-6L/6U
P-5L/5U
P-4L/4U
02
98 P-8L/8U
03
99 P-9L/9U
P-1L/1U
P-2L/2U
P-3L/3U
qMb (quick MeMory bAnk)
The Quick Memory Bank consists of ve memories independent from the regular and PMS memories. The QMB mem-
ories can quickly store operating parameters for later recall.
QMB Channel Storage
1. Tune to the desired frequency on VFO-A.
2. Press and hold the RCL/STO button for one second.
The “beep” will confirm that the VFO-A contents
have been written to the currently available QMB
memory.
Repeated one second presses of the RCL/STO but-
ton will write the VFO-A contents to successive QMB
memories.
Once all ve QMB memories have data on them, previ-
ous data will be over-written on a rst-in, rst-out basis.
QMB Channel Recall
1. Press the RCL/STO button briefly. The current
QMB channel data will be shown on the frequency
display area. The “QMB” icon will also appear and
the Memory Mode indicators in the LED indicators
area will illuminate.
2. Repeated brief presses of the RCL/STO button will
toggle through the QMB channels.
3. Press the V/M button to return to the VFO or Memo-
ry mode.
RCL/STO Button
V/M Button
Advice:
Rotating the Main Tuning Dial knob, or changing the
operating mode, will place the transceiver in the “Mem-
ory Tune” mode, which is a temporary “pseudo-VFO”
method of tuning off of a stored memory channel. If you
do not over-write the contents of the current memory
channel, the original contents will not be disturbed by
the initiation of Memory Tune operation.
Page 99FT-991 OperaTing Manual
MeMorY operation
Recalling the Home Channel
1. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [HOME]
on the LCD. The home channel frequency will be
shown in the display.
F(M-LIST) Button
Changing the Frequency of the Home Channel
The default frequency setting of the home channel when shipped from the factory can be changed.
Advice:
Change the frequency using Main Tuning Dial knob
to return to the VFO mode.
Touch [HOME] again to return to the VFO mode and
display the frequency that was selected before the home
channel was recalled.
1. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [HOME]
on the LCD. The home channel will be shown in the
display.
F(M-LIST) ButtonBAND Button
2. Press the BAND button, then touch [ENT].
3. Set the desired frequency, then touch [ENT] on the
LCD to exit to normal operation.
When the writing to the home channel is completed,
the updated home channel frequency will be dis-
played.
Advice:
In the default setting, the Home channel frequencies of
each band are set as follows.
HF band: 2,960000 MHz
50 MHz band: 52,52500 MHz
144 MHz band: 146,52000 MHz
430 MHz band: 446,00000 MHz
StAndArd MeMory operAtion
Page 100 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
MeMorY operation
StAndArd MeMory operAtion
Labeling Memories
An Alphanumeric “Tag” (label) may be appended to a memory or memories, to aid in recollection of the channel’s use
(such as a club name, etc.). To do this:
1. Press and hold in the F(M-LIST) button.
The data stored in the currently selected memory
channel will be displayed on the TFT.
2. Rotate the MULTI knob to recall the memory chan-
nel that you wish to append a label.
3. Touch [TAG] on the LCD.
A cursor will appear on the rst digit.
F(M-LIST) Button
MULTI Knob
EJ
EJ
%9 7
%9 7
4. Touch a key on the LCD to enter the letters, num-
bers, or symbols of the desired label.
5. Repeat step 5 to program the remaining letters, num-
bers, or symbols of the desired label. 12 characters
may be used in the creation of a label.
Use [
] and [
] on the LCD to set the cursor posi-
tion and [ ] on the LCD to erase a letter at the left
of the cursor.
6. When you have completed the creation of the label,
touch [ENT] on the LCD.
7. Press the F(M-LIST) button to save the new setting
and return to normal operation.
Produktspecifikationer
| Varumärke: | Yaesu |
| Kategori: | Amatörradiooperatör |
| Modell: | FT-991 |
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